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arXiv 2006.13853physics.soc-phcs.DLcs.SI
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量化对全球紧急情况的政策反应:从COVID-19大流行中获得的见解

Quantifying Policy Responses to a Global Emergency: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Jian Gao, Yian Yin, Benjamin F. Jones, Dashun Wang

摘要:

公共政策必须面对实时演变和方向不确定的紧急情况,但人们对政策反应的性质知之甚少。在这里,我们将冠状病毒大流行作为一个全球性的和非常重要的案例,并通过分析一个新的数据集来研究全球政策反应,该数据集记录了114个国家的政府机构,智库和政府间组织(IGO)发布的政策文件(2020年1月2日至5月26日的37,725份政策文件)。我们的分析揭示了四个主要发现。(1)全球对COVID-19的政策关注遵循与COVID-19确诊病例总数非常相似的轨迹,但政策重点从公共卫生转向更广泛的社会问题。(2)COVID-19政策前沿不成比例地借鉴了最新的、经过同行评审的、影响力大的科学见解。此外,引用科学的政策文件似乎在政策领域特别有影响力。(3)全球政策前沿主要通过世卫组织等政府间组织相互联系,这些组织编制的政策文件是COVID 19政策网络的核心,尤其是大量借鉴科学文献。取消政府间组织的贡献从根本上改变了全球政策格局,政府机构之间的政策引用网络日益分散为许多孤立的集群。(4)各国对COVID-19的政策关注程度差异很大。最引人注目的是,一个国家对COVID-19的早期政策关注显示出该国随后死亡人数的可预测性程度令人惊讶。总体而言,这些结果揭示了政策互动的基本模式,鉴于紧急威胁的后果性质以及缺乏了解它们的定量方法,为评估和有效协调全球和地方应对COVID-19及其他问题开辟了新的维度。

英文摘要:

Public policy must confront emergencies that evolve in real time and in uncertain directions, yet little is known about the nature of policy response. Here we take the coronavirus pandemic as a global and extraordinarily consequential case, and study the global policy response by analyzing a novel dataset recording policy documents published by government agencies, think tanks, and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) across 114 countries (37,725 policy documents from Jan 2nd through May 26th 2020). Our analyses reveal four primary findings. (1) Global policy attention to COVID-19 follows a remarkably similar trajectory as the total confirmed cases of COVID-19, yet with evolving policy focus from public health to broader social issues. (2) The COVID-19 policy frontier disproportionately draws on the latest, peer-reviewed, and high-impact scientific insights. Moreover, policy documents that cite science appear especially impactful within the policy domain. (3) The global policy frontier is primarily interconnected through IGOs, such as the WHO, which produce policy documents that are central to the COVID19 policy network and draw especially strongly on scientific literature. Removing IGOs' contributions fundamentally alters the global policy landscape, with the policy citation network among government agencies increasingly fragmented into many isolated clusters. (4) Countries exhibit highly heterogeneous policy attention to COVID-19. Most strikingly, a country's early policy attention to COVID-19 shows a surprising degree of predictability for the country's subsequent deaths. Overall, these results uncover fundamental patterns of policy interactions and, given the consequential nature of emergent threats and the paucity of quantitative approaches to understand them, open up novel dimensions for assessing and effectively coordinating global and local responses to COVID-19 and beyond.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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