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arXiv 2006.12482quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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混合不可区分的系统导致量子吉布斯悖论

Mixing indistinguishable systems leads to a quantum Gibbs paradox

Benjamin Yadin, Benjamin Morris, Gerardo Adesso

摘要:

经典的吉布斯佯谬涉及两种气体混合时的熵变。观察者是否将熵增加分配给这个过程取决于他们区分气体的能力。一个解决方案是,一个“无知”的观察者,谁不能区分气体,没有办法提取工作,通过混合它们。把思想实验转移到量子领域,我们揭示了新的和令人惊讶的行为:无知的观察者可以从混合不同的气体中提取功,即使气体不能直接区分。此外,在宏观极限下,量子情况与经典理想气体不同:可以提取尽可能多的功,就好像气体是完全可区分的一样。我们发现,无知的观察员分配更多的微观状态的系统比发现天真计数半经典统计力学。这表明了考虑观察者知识水平的重要性,以及它对热力学真正量子修改的影响。

英文摘要:

The classical Gibbs paradox concerns the entropy change upon mixing two gases. Whether an observer assigns an entropy increase to the process depends on their ability to distinguish the gases. A resolution is that an "ignorant" observer, who cannot distinguish the gases, has no way of extracting work by mixing them. Moving the thought experiment into the quantum realm, we reveal new and surprising behaviour: the ignorant observer can extract work from mixing different gases, even if the gases cannot be directly distinguished. Moreover, in the macroscopic limit, the quantum case diverges from the classical ideal gas: as much work can be extracted as if the gases were fully distinguishable. We show that the ignorant observer assigns more microstates to the system than found by naive counting in semiclassical statistical mechanics. This demonstrates the importance of accounting for the level of knowledge of an observer, and its implications for genuinely quantum modifications to thermodynamics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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