一种基于改进uniform的鲁棒ROPUF的FPGA随机布局算法
Novel Randomized Placement for FPGA Based Robust ROPUF with Improved Uniqueness
摘要：
物理不可克隆功能（PUF）用于为网络物理系统提供软件和硬件安全性。它们已被用于执行重要的加密任务，如生成密钥、设备身份验证、防止IP盗版，以及生成信任根。然而，它们缺乏可靠性度量。我们提出了一种新的方法来提高可靠性以及基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的环形振荡器PUF的唯一性，并推导出一个随机数，消耗非常小的面积（< 1%）有关的查找表（LUT）。我们使用频率分析方法来分布在环形振荡器（RO）的频率变化，空间上放置在整个FPGA地板。我们能够找到合适的位置进行RO映射，从而提高ROPUF的可靠性。我们在Xilinx-7系列FPGA上评估了所提出的方法，并同时测试了对环境变化（例如温度和电源电压变化）的鲁棒性。所提出的方法实现了显着的改善（i）在唯一性值高达49：90%，在理论值的0.1%以内（ii）在可靠性值高达99：70%，这意味着平均观察到小于1位的翻转，以及（iii）在随机性，通过NIST测试套件表示。通过ROPUF生成的响应通过NIST均匀性统计测试套件的所有适用相关测试。
英文摘要：
The physical unclonable functions (PUF) are used to provide software as well as hardware security for the cyber-physical systems. They have been used for performing significant cryptography tasks such as generating keys, device authentication, securing against IP piracy, and to produce the root of trust as well. However, they lack in reliability metric. We present a novel approach for improving the reliability as well as the uniqueness of the field programmable gated arrays (FPGAs) based ring oscillator PUF and derive a random number, consuming very small area (< 1%) concerning look-up tables (LUTs). We use frequency profiling method for distributing frequency variations in ring oscillators (RO), spatially placed all across the FPGA floor. We are able to spot suitable locations for RO mapping, which leads to enhanced ROPUF reliability. We have evaluated the proposed methodology on Xilinx -7 series FPGAs and tested the robustness against environmental variations, e.g. temperature and supply voltage variations, simultaneously. The proposed approach achieves significant improvement (i) in uniqueness value upto 49:90%, within 0.1% of the theoretical value (ii) in the reliability value upto 99:70%, which signifies that less than 1 bit flipping has been observed on average, and (iii) in randomness, signified by passing NIST test suite. The response generated through the ROPUF passes all the applicable relevant tests of NIST uniformity statistical test suite.
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