生物体寿命能量消耗的普遍关系：对衰老起源的见解
Universal Relation for Life-span Energy Consumption in Living Organisms: Insights for the origin of ageing
摘要：
长期以来，人们一直认为代谢能量消耗在衰老过程中起主要作用（{ \it 1}）。在不同物种中，平均每克组织在寿命期间消耗的能量大致相同（{ \it 2}）。能量限制也显示出可延长最大寿命（{ \it 3}）并延缓与年龄相关的变化（{ \it 4}）。然而，寿命期间的通用能量消耗存在显著例外，主要来自类别间比较（{ \it 5，6}）。在这里，我们提出了一个独特的关系寿命的能量消耗，有效的$\sim$ 300种代表所有类别的生物体，从单细胞的最大的哺乳动物。该关系的平均离散度仅为0.3 dex，95%（$\rm 2-σ$）的生物体与该关系的偏差小于$π$的因子，尽管体重差异为$\sim$ 20个数量级，将该关系中任何可能的类间变化降低为仅几何因子。这一结果可被解释为所有生物体每一生中呼吸循环的总次数$\rm N_r \sim 10^8$大致恒定的支持证据，有效地预先确定了呼吸基本能量学的生命延长，这是未来研究的动力，研究每一生中这种恒定的$\rm N_r$循环与自由基和氧化剂产生速率的关系，这可能会对老化的起源产生明确的限制。
英文摘要：
Metabolic energy consumption has long been thought to play a major role in the aging process ({\it 1}). Across species, a gram of tissue on average expends about the same amount of energy during life-span ({\it 2}). Energy restriction has also been shown that increases maximum life-span ({\it 3}) and retards age-associated changes ({\it 4}). However, there are significant exceptions to a universal energy consumption during life-span, mainly coming from the inter-class comparison ({\it 5, 6}). Here we present a unique relation for life-span energy consumption, valid for $\sim$300 species representing all classes of living organisms, from unicellular ones to the largest mammals. The relation has an average scatter of only 0.3 dex, with 95\% ($\rm 2-σ$) of the organisms having departures less than a factor of $π$ from the relation, despite the $\sim$20 orders of magnitude difference in body mass, reducing any possible inter-class variation in the relation to only a geometrical factor. This result can be interpreted as supporting evidence for the existence of an approximately constant total number $\rm N_r \sim 10^8$ of respiration cycles per lifetime for all organisms, effectively predetermining the extension of life by the basic energetics of respiration, being an incentive for future studies that investigate the relation of such constant $\rm N_r$ cycles per lifetime with the production rates of free radicals and oxidants, which may give definite constraints on the origin of ageing.
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