影响生命起源与发展的物理机制：生命的物理-生物化学范式
Physical mechanisms influencing life origin and development. Physical-biochemical paradigm of Life
AI总结：
本文提出生命现象受物理机制影响，通过生长方程建模细胞生长与分裂，验证多种微生物数据，为生命起源与进化的物理-生物化学范式奠定基础。
摘要：
当前对生物现象的看法基于一种生物化学范式，即生物体的发育由以分子形式存储为某种遗传密码的信息所决定。然而，新发现表明，生物现象不能仅限于生物化学领域，还受到物理机制的影响。这些机制在细胞、器官和整个生物体空间层面发挥作用。它们对营养物质在生物量合成与现有生物量维持之间的分配施加了独特且明确的限制，从而影响生化反应的组成、其连续变化以及在生物体生命周期中的不可逆性。从数学上讲，这种生长机制由生长方程表示。利用该方程，我们引入了生长模型，展示了它们与实验数据的契合度，并发现了两种分裂机制，研究了单细胞生物变形虫、裂殖酵母、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和葡萄球菌的生长。此外，基于生长方程，我们发现了这些生物的不同代谢特征。例如，研究表明，在对数坐标中，它们的代谢异速生长指数的值位于一条直线上。这一事实对于将食物链中的生物进化过程视为一个单一系统具有重要意义。从不同角度来看，所得结果与实验数据的高度契合，以及与先前已证明的更具体知识及科学真理验证的一般标准的极佳符合性，证明了所引入的通用生长机制和生长方程的有效性。综上所述，所得结果为引入更全面的生命起源、发育和进化的物理-生物化学范式奠定了坚实基础。
英文摘要：
The present view of biological phenomena is based on a biochemical paradigm that development of living organisms is defined by information stored in a molecular form as some genetic code. However, new discoveries indicate that biological phenomena cannot be confined to a biochemical realm alone, but are also influenced by physical mechanisms. These mechanisms work at cellular, organ and whole organism spatial levels. They impose uniquely defined constraints on distribution of nutrients between biomass synthesis and maintenance of existing biomass, thus influencing the composition of biochemical reactions, their successive change and irreversibility during the organismal life cycle. Mathematically, such a growth mechanism is represented by a growth equation. Using this equation, we introduce growth models, show their adequacy to experimental data, and discover two types of division mechanisms, examining growth of unicellular organisms Amoeba, S. pombe, E. coli, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus. Also, on the basis of the growth equation, we find different metabolic characteristics of these organisms. For instance, it was shown that in logarithmic coordinates the values of their metabolic allometric exponents are located on a straight line. This fact has important implications with regard to evolutionary process of organisms within a food chain, considered as a single system. High adequateness of obtained results to experimental data, from different perspectives, as well as excellent compliance with previously proven more particular knowledge, and with general criteria for validation of scientific truths, proves validity of the introduced general growth mechanism and the growth equation. Taken together, the obtained results set solid grounds for introduction of a more comprehensive physical-biochemical paradigm of Life origin, development and evolution.
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