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arXiv 2006.08402stat.MEstat.ML
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广义线性模型参数的贫假设推断

Assumption-lean inference for generalised linear model parameters

Stijn Vansteelandt, Oliver Dukes

摘要:

对广义线性模型的参数索引的推断通常是基于模型是正确的和先验指定的假设。这是不令人满意的,因为所选择的模型通常是数据自适应模型选择过程的结果,这可能会导致通常不被承认的过度不确定性。此外,编码在所选模型中的假设很少代表一些先验已知的基本事实,这使得标准推断容易出现偏差,但也无法纯粹反映数据中包含的信息。受所谓的投影参数的无偏推理的发展的启发,我们在这里提出了新的非参数定义的主效应估计和效果修正估计。当这些模型被正确指定时,这些简化为广义线性模型中的标准主效应和效应修改参数,但其优点是它们继续分别捕获两个变量之间的主要(条件)关联,或两个变量在其对结果的影响中相互作用(在统计意义上)的程度,即使这些模型被错误指定。我们通过在非参数模型下导出它们的影响曲线并调用灵活的数据自适应(例如,机器学习)过程。

英文摘要:

Inference for the parameters indexing generalised linear models is routinely based on the assumption that the model is correct and a priori specified. This is unsatisfactory because the chosen model is usually the result of a data-adaptive model selection process, which may induce excess uncertainty that is not usually acknowledged. Moreover, the assumptions encoded in the chosen model rarely represent some a priori known, ground truth, making standard inferences prone to bias, but also failing to give a pure reflection of the information that is contained in the data. Inspired by developments on assumption-free inference for so-called projection parameters, we here propose novel nonparametric definitions of main effect estimands and effect modification estimands. These reduce to standard main effect and effect modification parameters in generalised linear models when these models are correctly specified, but have the advantage that they continue to capture respectively the primary (conditional) association between two variables, or the degree to which two variables interact (in a statistical sense) in their effect on outcome, even when these models are misspecified. We achieve an assumption-lean inference for these estimands (and thus for the underlying regression parameters) by deriving their influence curve under the nonparametric model and invoking flexible data-adaptive (e.g., machine learning) procedures.

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