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arXiv 2006.05740cs.DScs.DM
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一种渐近最优的在线堆垛算法

An Asymptotically Optimal Algorithm for Online Stacking

Martin Olsen, Allan Gross

摘要:

考虑一个存储区域,到达的物品暂时存储在有限容量的堆栈中,直到它们离开。我们研究的问题,决定在哪里把一个到达的项目,随着时间的推移使用的堆栈的最大数量最小化的目标。一旦物品到达,就必须做出决定,我们假设我们只知道到达物品的出发时间和当前在存储区域的物品。我们只允许把一个项目放在另一个项目的顶部,如果下面的项目在稍后的时间离开。我们将此问题称为在线堆叠。我们假设存储时间间隔是独立同分布的。从$[0, 1] \times [0, 1]$使用具有有界概率密度函数的未知分布。在此条件下,我们给出了一个简单的多项式时间在线算法,并证明了竞争比依概率收敛于$1$。如果堆栈容量为$o(\sqrt{n})$,则结果成立,其中$n$为项目数,包括容量为常数的实际情况。我们的实验表明,我们的结果也有实际意义。据我们所知,我们是第一个提出一个渐近最优算法的在线堆叠,这是一个重要的问题,许多现实世界中的应用计算物流。

英文摘要:

Consider a storage area where arriving items are stored temporarily in bounded capacity stacks until their departure. We look into the problem of deciding where to put an arriving item with the objective of minimizing the maximum number of stacks used over time. The decision has to be made as soon as an item arrives, and we assume that we only have information on the departure times for the arriving item and the items currently at the storage area. We are only allowed to put an item on top of another item if the item below departs at a later time. We refer to this problem as online stacking. We assume that the storage time intervals are picked i.i.d. from $[0, 1] \times [0, 1]$ using an unknown distribution with a bounded probability density function. Under this mild condition, we present a simple polynomial time online algorithm and show that the competitive ratio converges to $1$ in probability. The result holds if the stack capacity is $o(\sqrt{n})$, where $n$ is the number of items, including the realistic case where the capacity is a constant. Our experiments show that our results also have practical relevance. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to present an asymptotically optimal algorithm for online stacking, which is an important problem with many real-world applications within computational logistics.

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