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arXiv 2006.03362astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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分子云中的碳同位素分馏

Carbon isotopic fractionation in molecular clouds

L. Colzi, O. Sipilä, E. Roueff, P. Caselli, F. Fontani

摘要:

从理论的角度研究了碳分馏与时间相关的化学,包括同位素选择性光解离和低温同位素交换反应的不同模型。最近的化学模型预测,后者可能会导致耗尽的$^{13}$ C在腈轴承物种,与$^{12}$ C/ $^{13}$ C的比例高出两倍的元素丰度比68在当地ISM。由于碳同位素比值常用于双同位素法计算$^{14}$ N/ $^{15}$ N比值,因此详细研究碳分馏以避免错误的假设是很重要的。在这项工作中,我们实现了一个新的同位素交换反应的气体-颗粒化学模型,并研究了它们在稠密和冷分子气体的背景下的引入。特别是,我们研究了$^{12}$ C/ $^{13}$ C比率的HNC,HCN和CN使用网格模型,温度和密度范围从10到50 K和2 $\times$ 10 $^{3}$到2 $\times$ 10 $^{7}$ cm $^{-3}$,分别。我们提出了一个可能的$^{13}$ C交换通过$^{13}$ C + C $_{3}$ $\rightarrow$ $^{12}$ C + $^{13}$ CC $_{2}$反应,这不会导致稀释,而是在$^{13}$ C增强,从原子碳形成的分子。这种效果是有效的,在一个范围内的时间之间的CO的形成和其冻结的谷物。此外,我们表明,$^{12}$ C/ $^{13}$ C比率的腈预测是一个因素0.8-1.9不同的本地值为68大规模的恒星形成区。这一结果也影响了$^{14}$ N/ $^{15}$ N比值:根据物理条件,用双同位素方法获得的330值预计为260-1150。最后,我们通过改变宇宙射线电离率研究了$^{12}$ C/ $^{13}$ C的比值:由于次级光子和宇宙射线反应,比值随其增加。

英文摘要:

C-fractionation has been studied from a theoretical point of view with different models of time-dependent chemistry, including both isotope-selective photodissociation and low-temperature isotopic exchange reactions. Recent chemical models predict that the latter may lead to a depletion of $^{13}$C in nitrile-bearing species, with $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratios two times higher than the elemental abundance ratio of 68 in the local ISM. Since the carbon isotopic ratio is commonly used to evaluate the $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N ratios with the double-isotope method, it is important to study C-fractionation in detail to avoid incorrect assumptions. In this work we implemented a gas-grain chemical model with new isotopic exchange reactions and investigated their introduction in the context of dense and cold molecular gas. In particular, we investigated the $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratios of HNC, HCN, and CN using a grid of models, with temperatures and densities ranging from 10 to 50 K and 2$\times$10$^{3}$ to 2$\times$10$^{7}$ cm$^{-3}$, respectively. We suggest a possible $^{13}$C exchange through the $^{13}$C + C$_{3}$ $\rightarrow$ $^{12}$C +$^{13}$CC$_{2}$ reaction, which does not result in dilution, but rather in $^{13}$C enhancement, for molecules formed starting from atomic carbon. This effect is efficient in a range of time between the formation of CO and its freeze-out on grains. Furthermore, we show that the $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratios of nitriles are predicted to be a factor 0.8-1.9 different from the local value of 68 for massive star-forming regions. This result also affects the $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N ratio: a value of 330 obtained with the double-isotope method is predicted to be 260-1150, depending on the physical conditions. Finally, we studied the $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratios by varying the cosmic-ray ionization rate: the ratios increase with it because of secondary photons and cosmic-ray reactions.

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