双星中子星吸气viewing angle标准信标的系统不确定度
Systematic uncertainty of standard sirens from the viewing angle of binary neutron star inspirals
摘要：
利用引力波标准警报器对哈勃常数的独立测量将可能揭示局域距离阶梯和普朗克实验之间的紧张关系。因此，深入了解标准塞壬法系统不确定度的来源至关重要。在本文中，我们专注于两种情况下，将潜在地主导标准警报器的系统不确定性。首先，对中子星并合双星的电磁场模拟表明，它们的辐射是非球面的，因此标准塞壬方法可以根据它们的视角来选择可用的双星。这种选择效应在哈勃常数的测量中即使是轻微的选择也会导致$\gtrsim 2\%$偏差。其次，如果二元视角受到电磁对应观测的约束，但约束的偏差不受$\sim 10^{\circ}$的控制，则哈勃常数的系统不确定度将为$>3\%$。此外，我们发现，这两个系统不能适当地删除从引力波观测的视角测量。相对于已知的标准塞壬的主要系统不确定度，观测角度对$\leq 2\%$引力波定标不确定度的影响更为显著。因此，在标准警报器能够解决哈勃常数（目前为$\sim$ 9%）的紧张关系之前，来自视角的系统不确定性可能是一个主要挑战。
英文摘要：
The independent measurement of Hubble constant with gravitational-wave standard sirens will potentially shed light on the tension between the local distance ladders and Planck experiments. Therefore, thorough understanding of the sources of systematic uncertainty for the standard siren method is crucial. In this paper, we focus on two scenarios that will potentially dominate the systematic uncertainty of standard sirens. First, simulations of electromagnetic counterparts of binary neutron star mergers suggest aspherical emissions, so the binaries available for the standard siren method can be selected by their viewing angles. This selection effect can lead to $\gtrsim 2\%$ bias in Hubble constant measurement even with mild selection. Second, if the binary viewing angles are constrained by the electromagnetic counterpart observations but the bias of the constraints is not controlled under $\sim 10^{\circ}$, the resulting systematic uncertainty in Hubble constant will be $>3\%$. In addition, we find that both of the systematics cannot be properly removed by the viewing angle measurement from gravitational-wave observations. Comparing to the known dominant systematic uncertainty for standard sirens, the $\leq 2\%$ gravitational-wave calibration uncertainty, the effects from viewing angle appear to be more significant. Therefore, the systematic uncertainty from viewing angle might be a major challenge before the standard sirens can resolve the tension in Hubble constant, which is currently $\sim$9%.
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