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arXiv 1806.10596astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qc
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由GW170817中喷流的超光速运动测量哈勃常数

A Hubble constant measurement from superluminal motion of the jet in GW170817

Kenta Hotokezaka, Ehud Nakar, Ore Gottlieb, Samaya Nissanke, Kento Masuda, Gregg Hallinan, Kunal P. Mooley, Adam. T. Deller

摘要:

哈勃常数($H_0$)测量宇宙当前的膨胀率,在宇宙学中起着基础性的作用。在过去的几十年里,人们付出了巨大的努力来测量$H_0$。值得注意的是,普朗克宇宙微波背景辐射(CMB)和当地造父变星-超新星距离阶梯测量分别以$\sim 1\%$和$\sim 2\%$的精度确定$H_0$。两次测量之间存在$3$ - $σ$水平的差异,原因尚不清楚。伴随着电磁波(EM)的引力波(GW)源提供了一个完全独立的标准塞壬(GW模拟天文标准烛光)测量$H_0$,正如发现中子星合并GW 170817之后所证明的那样。这种测量不假设宇宙学模型,并且独立于宇宙距离阶梯。对来自GW 170817的GW信号及其EM定位的第一次联合分析导致测量$H_0=74^{+16}_{-8}$ km/s/Mpc(中值和对称$68\%$可信区间)。在该分析中,GW信号在源距离和弱约束视角之间的简并支配了$H_0$测量不确定性。最近,Mooley等人(2018)使用GW 170817的无线电对应物的高角分辨率成像获得了对视角的严格限制。在这里,我们得到了一个显着改善的测量$H_0=68.9^{+4.7}_{-4.6}$公里/秒/百万秒差距,通过使用这些新的无线电观测,结合以前的GW和EM数据。我们估计,15个更本地化的GW 170817事件(可比的信噪比,有利的方向),具有无线电图像和光变曲线数据,将可能带来解决普朗克和造父变星超新星测量之间的紧张关系,相比之下,50-100 GW事件没有这样的数据。

英文摘要:

The Hubble constant ($H_0$) measures the current expansion rate of the Universe, and plays a fundamental role in cosmology. Tremendous effort has been dedicated over the past decades to measure $H_0$. Notably, Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the local Cepheid-supernovae distance ladder measurements determine $H_0$ with a precision of $\sim 1\%$ and $\sim 2\%$ respectively. A $3$-$σ$ level of discrepancy exists between the two measurements, for reasons that have yet to be understood. Gravitational wave (GW) sources accompanied by electromagnetic (EM) counterparts offer a completely independent standard siren (the GW analogue of an astronomical standard candle) measurement of $H_0$, as demonstrated following the discovery of the neutron star merger, GW170817. This measurement does not assume a cosmological model and is independent of a cosmic distance ladder. The first joint analysis of the GW signal from GW170817 and its EM localization led to a measurement of $H_0=74^{+16}_{-8}$ km/s/Mpc (median and symmetric $68\%$ credible interval). In this analysis, the degeneracy in the GW signal between the source distance and the weakly constrained viewing angle dominated the $H_0$ measurement uncertainty. Recently, Mooley et al. (2018) obtained tight constraints on the viewing angle using high angular resolution imaging of the radio counterpart of GW170817. Here we obtain a significantly improved measurement $H_0=68.9^{+4.7}_{-4.6}$ km/s/Mpc by using these new radio observations, combined with the previous GW and EM data. We estimate that 15 more localized GW170817-like events (comparable signal-to-noise ratio, favorable orientation), having radio images and light curve data, will potentially bring resolution to the tension between the Planck and Cepheid-supernova measurements, as compared to 50-100 GW events without such data.

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