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arXiv 2006.01085quant-phcs.CR
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量子乱码电路

Quantum Garbled Circuits

Zvika Brakerski, Henry Yuen

摘要:

提出了一种量子线路的混淆方案,从而实现了一种可分解的量子计算随机编码方案。具体来说,我们展示了如何计算一个给定的量子线路和量子输入的编码,从中可以得到计算的输出,而不是其他。在经典环境中,乱码电路(和一般的随机编码)是一种通用的密码工具,具有许多应用,如安全多方计算,委托计算,密码原语的深度缩减,复杂度下限等。然而,在这项工作之前,还不知道一种用于混淆一般电路的量子模拟。我们希望我们的量子随机化编码方案同样可以在量子计算和密码学中应用。为了说明量子随机编码的有用性,我们使用它来设计一个概念上简单的零知识(ZK)证明系统的复杂性类$\mathbf{QMA}$。我们的协议有所谓的$Σ$格式与一位的挑战,并允许输入延迟到最后一轮。先前已知的用于$\mathbf{QMA}$的唯一ZK $Σ$ -协议是由Broadbent和Grilo(FOCS 2020)提出的,其不具有上述性质。

英文摘要:

We present a garbling scheme for quantum circuits, thus achieving a decomposable randomized encoding scheme for quantum computation. Specifically, we show how to compute an encoding of a given quantum circuit and quantum input, from which it is possible to derive the output of the computation and nothing else. In the classical setting, garbled circuits (and randomized encodings in general) are a versatile cryptographic tool with many applications such as secure multiparty computation, delegated computation, depth-reduction of cryptographic primitives, complexity lower-bounds, and more. However, a quantum analogue for garbling general circuits was not known prior to this work. We hope that our quantum randomized encoding scheme can similarly be useful for applications in quantum computing and cryptography. To illustrate the usefulness of quantum randomized encoding, we use it to design a conceptually-simple zero-knowledge (ZK) proof system for the complexity class $\mathbf{QMA}$. Our protocol has the so-called $Σ$ format with a single-bit challenge, and allows the inputs to be delayed to the last round. The only previously-known ZK $Σ$-protocol for $\mathbf{QMA}$ is due to Broadbent and Grilo (FOCS 2020), which does not have the aforementioned properties.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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