真空一级相变产生的引力波II：从薄壁到厚壁
Gravitational waves from vacuum first order phase transitions II: from thin to thick walls
摘要：
在真空一级相变中，引力波是由真真空的气泡碰撞产生的。这种碰撞产生的光谱呈现出破幂律的形式。我们考虑这样的相变，其中的标量场的动力学依赖于一个单一的参数$\overlineλ$，它控制如何薄的气泡壁是在成核和如何接近退化的真空是相对于障碍的玩具模型。我们扩展我们以前的工作，通过执行一系列的模拟范围$\overlineλ$。引力波功率谱的峰值变化高达$1.3$倍，这可能是一种不可观测的效应。我们发现，紫外（UV）的引力波频谱中的幂律变得陡峭的$\overlineλ \rightarrow 0$，$k^{-1.4}$和$k^{-2.2}$之间的$\overlineλ$考虑。这提供了一些证据，表明真空一级相变的潜在有效势的形式可以从它产生的引力波谱中确定。
英文摘要：
In a vacuum first-order phase transition, gravitational waves are generated from collision of bubbles of the true vacuum. The spectrum from such collisions takes the form of a broken power law. We consider a toy model for such a phase transition, where the dynamics of the scalar field depends on a single parameter $\overlineλ$, which controls how thin the bubble wall is at nucleation and how close to degenerate the vacua are relative to the barrier. We extend on our previous work by performing a series of simulations with a range of $\overlineλ$. The peak of the gravitational-wave power spectrum varies by up to a factor of $1.3$, which is probably an unobservable effect. We find that the ultraviolet (UV) power law in the gravitational-wave spectrum becomes steeper as $\overlineλ \rightarrow 0$, varying between $k^{-1.4}$ and $k^{-2.2}$ for the $\overlineλ$ considered. This provides some evidence that the form of the underlying effective potential of a vacuum first-order phase transition could be determined from the gravitational-wave spectrum it produces.
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