自场条件下超导板中的库珀对轨迹
Cooper pair trajectories in superconducting slab at self-field conditions
摘要：
无耗散电流流动是超导体最吸引人和最重要的物理性质之一。在无外磁场（所谓自场）的情况下，对无限长矩形超导体板中的载流子流动的理论研究是基于这样一个假设：载流子在电流方向上具有直线轨迹，而电流密度和磁通量密度以伦敦穿透深度为特征长度向超导板衰减。在这里，我们计算带电粒子的轨迹（作为单个电子/空穴，作为库珀对）在自场条件下，并发现载流子不遵循直观的直线轨迹沿板表面，而是有曲折形状的轨迹，跨越整个厚度的板。此外，如果粒子速度低于某个值，则电荷沿与标称电流相反的方向移动。超导体中正则磁通量密度分布的扰动和库珀对的反向运动可以作为超导体中功率耗散的完整机制。
英文摘要：
Dissipative-free electric current flow is one of the most fascinating and practically important property of superconductors. Theoretical consideration of the charge carriers flow in infinitely long rectangular slab of superconductor in the absence of external magnetic field (so called, self-field) is based on an assumption that the charge carriers have rectilinear trajectories in the direction of the current flow whereas the current density and magnetic flux density are decaying towards superconducting slab with London penetration depth as characteristic length. Here, we calculate charge particle trajectories (as single electron/hole, as Cooper pair) at self-field conditions and find that charge carriers do not follow intuitive rectilinear trajectories along the slab surface, but instead ones have meander shape trajectories which cross the whole thickness of the slab. Moreover, if the particle velocity is below some value, the charge moves in opposite direction to nominal current flow. This disturbance of the canonical magnetic flux density distribution and backward movement of Cooper pairs can be entire mechanism for power dissipation in superconductors.
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