电场对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体系超导电性的影响
Impact of the electric field on superconductivity in Bose-Einstein Condensation regime
摘要：
在强耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）体系中，超导体具有两个特征温度：$T^*$ -费米子配对的开始和$T_{sc}$ -超导性的开始，使得$T_{sc}<T^*$。在本文中，我们考虑的时间相关的Ginzburg-Landau理论的超导体的平板几何和应用电场，在温度区间$(T_{sc},T^*)$，玻色凝聚的库珀对，从而增加超导体的临界温度$T^E_{sc}>T_{sc}$。重要的结论是，在适当的电场作用下，在（$T_{sc},T^*$）区间内的任意温度都是超导转变的临界温度。这意味着，如果我们将系统的温度设置在上述区间内并增加所施加的电场，则系统经历电场诱导的向超导体的转变。我们还证明了$T^*=T^E_{sc}$的外加电场临界值的存在。这意味着，尽管系统处于BEC状态，但远离BCS状态，我们可以施加一个电场，使系统移动到具有$T^E_{sc}=T^*$的状态，这是BCS状态的特征。结果表明，外加电场实验是一个合适的工具，以确定超导体的BEC制度。实验可以确定$T^*$是一个温度，低于该温度时，电场玻色会使库珀对凝聚，而高于该温度时，电子会屏蔽电场，使其无法穿透。
英文摘要：
In the strong coupling Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) regime the superconductors have two characteristic temperatures: $T^*$- onset of fermion pairing and $T_{sc}$- onset of superconductivity, such that $T_{sc}<T^*$. In the present article, we consider time dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductors with slab geometry and show that applied electric field, in the temperature interval $(T_{sc},T^*)$, Bose condenses the Cooper pairs thereby increasing the superconductor critical temperature $T^E_{sc}>T_{sc}$. Important consequence is the fact that arbitrary temperature within the interval ($T_{sc},T^*$) is a critical temperature of superconductor transition if an appropriate electric field is applied. This means that if we set the temperature of the system within the above mentioned interval and increase the applied electric field the system undergoes an electric field induced transition to superconductor. We also show the existence of critical value of the applied electric field at which $T^*=T^E_{sc}$. This means that although the system is in BEC regime, away from the BCS one, we can apply an electric field that moves the system to a state with $T^E_{sc}=T^*$, characteristic of BCS regime. The results indicate that applied electric field experiments are a suitable tool to identify the BEC regime of the superconductors. The experiment can determine $T^*$ as a temperature below which the electric field Bose condenses the Cooper pairs, while above it the electrons screen the field and it cannot penetrate.
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