arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2005.12133cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.supr-conphysics.comp-ph
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晶界缺陷和替代缺陷对超导Nb $_3$ Sn影响的$\textit{Ab Initio}$理论

$\textit{Ab Initio}$ Theory of the Impact from Grain Boundaries and Substitutional Defects on Superconducting Nb$_3$Sn

Michelle M. Kelley, Nathan S. Sitaraman, Tomás A. Arias

摘要:

晶界在超导Nb $_3$ Sn的应用中起着关键作用:在直流应用中,晶界通过钉扎磁通保持材料固有的高临界电流密度,而在交流应用中,晶界可以提供磁通进入的薄弱点并导致显著的耗散。我们提出了第一个$\textit{ab initio}$研究,探讨不同的边界类型的物理在Nb $_3$ Sn使用密度泛函理论。我们确定了一个积极有利的选择倾斜和扭曲晶界的不同取向。我们发现,干净的晶界点缺陷减少费米能级态密度的两个因素,效果衰减回体电子结构$\sim1-1.5$ nm的边界。我们进一步计算锡替代缺陷的结合自由能多个边界,发现一个强大的电子相互作用,延伸到一个距离相当于减少的状态密度。与此相关的相互作用,我们发现了一个普遍的趋势,在边界附近的缺陷电子熵。我们探测缺陷偏析对晶界电子结构的影响,并计算替代杂质对费米能级态密度在晶界附近的影响,发现钛和钽有很小的影响,无论位置,而锡,铜,铌缺陷都有显着的影响,但只有在远离边界核心的网站。最后,我们考虑如何所有这些影响的局部超导转变温度$T_\textrm{c}$的函数,从边界平面的距离。

英文摘要:

Grain boundaries play a critical role in applications of superconducting Nb$_3$Sn: in dc applications, grain boundaries preserve the material's inherently high critical current density by pinning flux, while in ac applications grain boundaries can provide weak points for flux entry and lead to significant dissipation. We present the first $\textit{ab initio}$ study to investigate the physics of different boundary types in Nb$_3$Sn using density functional theory. We identify an energetically favorable selection of tilt and twist grain boundaries of distinct orientations. We find that clean grain boundaries free of point defects reduce the Fermi-level density of states by a factor of two, an effect that decays back to the bulk electronic structure $\sim1-1.5$ nm from the boundary. We further calculate the binding free-energies of tin substitutional defects to multiple boundaries, finding a strong electronic interaction that extends to a distance comparable to that of the reduction of density of states. Associated with this interaction, we discover a universal trend in defect electronic entropies near a boundary. We probe the effects of defect segregation on grain boundary electronic structure and calculate the impact of substitutional impurities on the Fermi-level density of states in the vicinity of a grain boundary, finding that titanium and tantalum have little impact regardless of placement, whereas tin, copper, and niobium defects each have a significant impact but only on sites away from the boundary core. Finally, we consider how all of these effects impact the local superconducting transition temperature $T_\textrm{c}$ as a function of distance from the boundary plane.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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