X射线laser种子X射线分裂脉冲X射线光子相关谱研究原子级动力学
Split-pulse X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy with seeded X-rays from X-ray laser to study atomic-level dynamics
摘要：
凭借其亮度和时间结构，X射线自由电子激光可以揭示超快现象的原子尺度细节。分裂延迟光学（SDO）技术的最新进展为在原子尺度上观察动力学提供了光明的前景，它可以产生两个具有时间延迟的X射线脉冲。然而，其不足的脉冲能量限制了它的应用，无论是与较长的相关长度的现象或测量与固定的延迟时间。在这里，我们表明，SDO和X射线的自播种的组合增加了脉冲能量，并使得有可能在皮秒的时间尺度上观察到原子尺度的动力学。我们表明，从水散射的散斑对比度取决于预期的延迟时间。我们的研究结果表明，使用SDO与种子X射线的测量能力，用于解决其他技术无法访问的时间和空间尺度的动态，打开研究原子级动态的机会。
英文摘要：
With their brilliance and temporal structure, X-ray free-electron laser can unveil atomic-scale details of ultrafast phenomena. Recent progress in split-and-delay optics (SDO), which produces two X-ray pulses with time-delays, offers bright prospects for observing dynamics at the atomic-scale. However, their insufficient pulse energy has limited its application either to phenomena with longer correlation length or to measurement with a fixed delay-time. Here we show that the combination of the SDO and self-seeding of X-rays increases the pulse energy and makes it possible to observe the atomic-scale dynamics in a timescale of picoseconds. We show that the speckle contrast in scattering from water depends on the delay-time as expected. Our results demonstrate the capability of measurement using the SDO with seeded X-rays for resolving the dynamics in temporal and spatial scales that are not accessible by other techniques, opening opportunities for studying the atomic-level dynamics.
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