The main goal of the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment is the precise measurement of the parameters of neutrino oscillation and the search for CP-violation in the lepton sector. In 2017, the T2K collaboration launched the Near Detector Upgrade project. This upgrade aims to reduce the systematic errors of the oscillation parameters from 6-7% to 3-4%. In order to accomplish such goal, ND280 Upgrade proposes to implement new upstream trackers to improve the wide angle acceptance and low momentum threshold. One of the novel technologies introduced in ND280 Upgrade is super fine-grained (SuperFGD) scintillator target with 3D WLS fiber readout. The detector will consist of about 2 million (192x184x56) scintillation cubes of 1-cm size. Each cube has three orthogonal holes for WLS fibers to provide 3D optical readout. The total mass of the detector is about 2 tons and the number of the readout channels is about 60,000. This paper presents the current status of the development of this detector.
An approximation of the real line shape of a scintillation detector with a generalized gamma distribution is proposed. The approximation describes the ideal scintillation line shape better than the conventional normal distribution. Two parameters of the proposed function are uniquely defined by the first two moments of the detector response.
Data set generated from the scintillation detector is used to build a mathematical model based on three different algorithms: (a) Multiple Polynomial Regression (b) Support Vector Regression (c) Neural Network algorithm. Using visualizations and correlations, it is found that the Median of the data will give accurate results and average time has a major contribution in radiation measurement.
As a way to lower the cost of plastic scintillation detectors, commercially available polystyrene pellets have been used in the production of scintillating materials that can be extruded into different profiles. The selection of raw materials is discussed. Two techniques to add wavelength shifting dopants to polystyrene pellets and to extrude plastic scintillating strips are described. Data on light yield and transmittance measurements are presented.
We investigate scintillation linearity of a commercial high pressure $^4$He gas detector using monoenergetic 2.8 MeV neutrons from a deuterium-deuterium fusion neutron generator. The scintillation response of the detector was measured for a range of recoil energies between 83 keV and 626 keV by tagging neutrons scattering into fixed angles with a far-side organic scintillator detector. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations were compared to experimental data to determine the linearity of the detector response by comparing the scaling of the energy deposits in the simulations to the detector output. …
The detection of primary scintillation light in combination with the charge or secondary scintillation signals is an efficient technique to determine the events t=0 as well as particle / photon separation in large mass TPC detectors filled with noble gases and/or condensed noble gases. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that costly photo-multipliers could be replaced by cheap novel photosensitive gaseous detectors: wire counters, GEMs or glass capillary tubes coupled with CsI photocathodes. We have performed systematic measurements with Ar, Kr and Xe gas at pressures in the range of 1-50 a…
In scintillation detector, scintillation crystals are typically made into 2-dimension modular array. The location of incident gamma-ray need be calibrated due to spatial response nonlinearity. Generally, position histograms, the characteristic flood response of scintillation detectors, are used for position calibration. In this paper, a position calibration method based on crystal position lookup table which maps the inaccurate location calculated by Anger logic to the exact hitting crystal position has been proposed, Firstly, position histogram is segmented into disconnected regions. Then cry…
Noble gases and liquids are excellent scintillators and this opens a unique opportunity to directly detect the primary scintillation light produced in these media by photons or particles. This signal can be used for several purposes, for example as a start signal for TPCs or for particles identification. Usually photomultipliers (PMs) are used for the detection of the scintillation light. In our previous work we have demonstrated that costly PMs could be replaced by gaseous detectors with CsI photocathodes . Such detectors have the same quantum efficiency as the best PMs but at the same time a…
Conceiving the possibility of using plastic scintillator bars as robust detectors for antineutrino detection for the remote reactor monitoring and nuclear safeguard application we study expected basic performance by Monte Carlo simulation. We present preliminary results for a 1 m3 highly segmented detector made of 100 rectangular scintillation bars forming an array which is sandwiched at both sides by the continuous light guides enabling light sharing between all photo detectors. Light detection efficiency is calculated for several light collection configurations, considering different scintil…
Plastic scintillators detectors (PSDs) have been studied as dosimeters, since they provide a cost-effective alternative to conventional ionization chambers. Measurement and analysis of energy dependency were performed on a Siemens Mammomat tomograph for two different peak kilovoltages: 26 kV and 35 kV. Both PSD displayed good linearity for each energy considered and almost no energy dependence.
Cryogenic phonon-scintillation detectors (CPSD) for rare event search experiments require reliable, efficient and robust photon detectors that can resolve individual photons in a scintillation event.
This paper reports a series of measurements that characterize the directional dependence of the scintillation response of crystalline melt-grown and solution-grown stilbene to incident DT and DD neutrons. These measurements give the amplitude and pulse shape dependence on the proton recoil direction over one hemisphere of the crystal, confirming and extending previous results in the literature for melt-grown stilbene and providing the first measurements for solution-grown stilbene. In similar measurements of liquid and plastic detectors, no directional dependence was observed, confirming the h…
We discuss a novel paradigm in the optical readout of scintillation radiation detectors. In one common configuration, such detectors are homogeneous and the scintillation light is collected and recorded by external photodetectors. It is usually assumed that imaging in such a photon-starved and large-emittance regime is not possible. Here we show that the appropriate optics, matched with highly segmented photodetector coverage and dedicated reconstruction software, can be used to produce images of the radiation-induced events. In particular, such a 'distributed imaging' system can discriminate …
Position sensitive detectors based on gaseous scintillation proportional counters with Anger-type readout are being used in several research areas such as neutron detection, search for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. Design and optimization of such detectors are complex and time consuming tasks. Simulations, while being a powerful tool, strongly depend on the light transport models and demand accurate knowledge of many parameters, which are often not available. Here we describe an alternative approach based on the experimental evaluation of a detector using an isotropic point-l…
Decays of radioisotopes on inner detector surfaces can pose a major background concern for the direct detection of dark matter. While these backgrounds are conventionally mitigated with position cuts, these cuts reduce the exposure of the detector by decreasing the sensitive mass, and uncertainty in position determination may make it impossible to adequately remove such events in certain detectors. In this paper, we provide a new technique for substantially reducing these surface backgrounds in liquid argon (LAr) detectors, independent of position cuts. These detectors typically use a coating …
We report a demonstration of the scalability of optically transparent xenon in the solid phase for use as a particle detector above a kilogram scale. We employ a liquid nitrogen cooled cryostat combined with a xenon purification and chiller system to measure the scintillation light output and electron drift speed from both the solid and liquid phases of xenon. Scintillation light output from sealed radioactive sources is measured by a set of high quantum efficiency photomultiplier tubes suitable for cryogenic applications. We observed a reduced amount of photons in solid phase compared to that…
We describe the design, construction and performance of the upgraded DO muon system for Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Significant improvements have been made to the major subsystems of the DO muon detector: trigger scintillation counters, tracking detectors, and electronics. The Run II central muon detector has a new scintillation counter system inside the iron toroid and an improved scintillation counter system outside the iron toroid. In the forward region, new scintillation counter and tracking systems have been installed. Extensive shielding has been added in the forward region…
A novel concept of optical signal recording in two-phase avalanche detectors, with Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiodes (G-APD) is described. Avalanche-scintillation photons were measured in a thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) in view of potential applications in rare-event experiments. The effective detection of avalanche scintillations in THGEM holes has been demonstrated in two-phase Ar with a bare G-APD without wavelength shifter, i.e. insensitive to VUV emission of Ar. At gas-avalanche gain of 400 and under \pm 70^\circ viewing-angle, the G-APD yielded 640 photoelectrons (pe) per 60 keV …
Linear alkyl benzene (LAB) has in recent years been used as a solvent for PPO in large-scale scintillation detectors, like Daya Bay and SNO+. The combination has several nice properties, including high light yield, good materials compatibility, and excellent pulse shape discrimination. As charged particles move through the LAB+PPO, both Cherenkov and scintillation light are created. Separating Cherenkov from scintillation light would allow a broad range of physics in future large-scale detectors like THEIA, by allowing direction reconstruction with Cherenkov light while retaining the high ligh…
Recent years getting progress in the area of micropixel avalanche photodiode makes them attractive as sensors for scintillation detectors. The performance of the scintillation detectors is strongly tied to the physical properties of MAPD. For this point of wives, we will investigate three types MAPD-3NK, MAPD-3NM and MAPD-3NM-II for possible use in a scintillation detector. Investigated avalanche photodiodes have the following parameters e.g low operation voltage (90V$<$U$<$50V), high pixel density (4000 pixel/mm^2), high photodetection efficiency (40%) and high gain (6*10^4). Gamma-ray detect…
Large spherical scintillation detectors are playing an increasingly important role in experimental neutrino physics studies. From the instrumental point of view the primary signal response of these set-ups is constituted by the time and amplitude of the anode pulses delivered by each individual phototube following a particle interaction in the scintillator. In this work, under some approximate assumptions, we derive a number of analytical formulas able to give a fairly accurate description of the most important timing features of these detectors, intended to complement the more complete Monte …
In this paper the growth of a 16mm diameter Ce-doped Tl$_2$NaYCl$_6$ and its characterization as a gamma-ray detector are reported. With a 16 mm dia. x 8 mm cylindrical sample, energy resolution of 4.1% (FWHM) at 662 keV and light yield of 27,800ph/MeV are measured. Decay times of 91 ns (34%), 462 ns (52%), and 2.1 microseconds (15%) are calculated. The x-ray excited emission spectrum exhibits bands that are similar to other Tl-based elpasolite scintillators like Tl$_2$NaYCl$_6$:Ce.
Non destructive quality control of microstructures at the manufacturing stage is an important issue in the foreseen use of huge numbers of such gaseous detectors in the future high luminosity colliders. In this work we report on the use of the scintillation light emitted by the avalanches in GEM channels for checking defects in the foils. The test system is described and data on the relative efficiency of several gaseous mixtures are presented. The foil images obtained with a low-noise CCD system are analysed and compared with the optical images obtained with an industrial inspection system of…
The project involved the development of a precision radioactive Source-Positioning System to enable the absolute characterization of a gamma-ray Detector-Development Platform at the Division of Nuclear Physics at Lund University in conjunction with the Detector Group of the European Spallation Source. The gamma-ray radiation associated with an actinide-Beryllium source was mapped using a cerium bromide scintillation crystal coupled to photomultiplier tube at various relative source and detector configurations. The data obtained are used to determine the spatial and energy profiles of the neutr…
We report on the possibility of using Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) to detect the scintillation light from neutron conversion in ZnS:6LiF scintillators. The light is collected by wavelength-shifting fibers embedded into the scintillator. The difficulty of extracting neutron signals in the presence of high dark count rates of the SiPMs is addressed by applying a dedicated processing algorithm to analyze the temporal distribution of the SiPM pulses. With a single-channel prototype detection unit we demonstrate a very good neutron signal extraction at SiPM dark count rates of about 1 MHz.
The charge read out of a LXe detector via Proportional Scintillation in the liquid phase was first realized by the Waseda group 40 years ago, but at that time the technical challenges were overwhelming. Although the tests were successful, this method was finally discarded and eventually nearly forgotten. For present day large LXe Dark Matter detectors, this approach was not even considered. Instead the Dual Phase technology was selected despite many limitations and challenges. In two independent studies the groups from Columbia University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University reevaluated Proportio…
Photon detectors like the ALICE Calorimeters are vulnerable to both optical and electrical crosstalk between detector channels belonging to the same particle event. In order to quantify the crosstalk generated by a single channel on its neighbours, the standard method used so far are calibrated electrical pulses in order to quantify the crosstalk between individual frontend preamplifier channels. However due to grounding imperfections, cross-couplings via bias voltage supplies and imperfect electromagnetic shielding, this method introduces biases and is not precise. A new approach is the use o…
Accurate knowledge of the neutron energy spectra is useful in basic research and applications. The overall procedure of measuring and unfolding the fast neutron energy spectra with BC501A liquid scintillation detector is described. The recoil proton spectrum of Am-Be neutrons was obtained experimentally. With the NRESP7 code, the response matrix of detector was simulated. Combining the recoil proton spectrum and response matrix, the unfolding of neutron spectra was performed by GRAVEL iterative algorithm. A MatLab program based on the GRAVEL method was developed. The continuous neutron spectru…
Measurements with a bare p-type high purity germanium diode (HPGe) submerged in a 19 kg liquid argon (LAr) scintillation detector at MPIK Heidelberg are reported. The liquid argon--germanium system (LArGe) is operated as a 4$π$ anti-Compton spectrometer to suppress backgrounds in the HPGe. This R&D is carried out in the framework of the GERDA experiment which searches for 0$νββ$ decays with HPGe detectors enriched in $^{76}$Ge. The goal of this work is to develop a novel method to discriminate backgrounds in 0$νββ$ search which would ultimately allow to investigate the effective neutrino mass …
We have characterized two state-of-the-art solid-state photomultipliers, one by SensL, the other by Hamamatsu, coupled to scintillators by Saint-Gobain Crystals in the -25 to 50 degrees C temperature range. At room temperature, the energy resolution at 661.6 keV measured with both detectors is worse than the resolution obtained when the crystals are coupled to a regular photomultiplier tube. Both the pulse height and pulse height resolution of the 661.6 keV gamma rays in the 137Cs spectrum vary strongly with temperature. The noise threshold determined from the 22Na spectrum increases quadratic…
A thermal neutron detector based on ZnS(Ag)/6LiF scintillator, wavelength-shifting fibers (WLS) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) is under development at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) for upgrading the POLDI instrument, a pulse-overlap diffractometer. The design of the detector is outlined, and the measurements performed on a single channel prototype are presented. An innovative signal processing system based on a photon counting approach is under development. Its principle of operation is described and its performances are evaluated on the basis of a Monte Carlo simulation.
This paper describes a FADC Readout system developed for the tap water $α/β$ dose monitoring system which is based on EJ444 phoswich scintillation detector and wavelength shifting fiber readout. The Readout system contains dual sampling channels that can supply sampling rate up to 1 GSPS, 14-Bit vertical resolution and adequate effective number of bits (9.7 Bits at 10 MHz), which is optimum for the discrimination of the minimal difference between alpha/beta signals. Moreover, the system is based on a ZYNQ SoC which provides high data throughput speed, low latency and excellent flexibility. As …
The applicability of LaBr3:Ce detectors for high count rate γ-ray spectroscopy is investigated. A 3"x3" LaBr3:Ce detector is used in a test setup with radioactive sources to study the dependence of energy resolution and photo peak efficiency on the overall count rate in the detector. Digitized traces were recorded using a 500 MHz FADC and analysed with digital signal processing methods. In addition to standard techniques a pile-up correction method is applied to the data in order to further improve the high-rate capabilities and to reduce the losses in efficiency due to signal pile-up. It is s…
A simple model for the estimation of the light yield of a scintillation detector is developed under general assumptions and relying exclusively on the knowledge of its optical properties. The model allows to easily incorporate effects related to Rayleigh scattering and absorption of the photons.The predictions of the model are benchmarked with the outcomes of Monte Carlo simulations of specific scintillation detectors. An accuracy at the level of few percent is achieved. The case of a real liquid argon based detector is explicitly treated and the predicted light yield is compared with the meas…
Proportional scintillation counters (PSCs), both single- and dual-phase, can measure the scintillation (S1) and ionization (S2) channels from particle interactions within the detector volume. The signal obtained from these detectors depends first on the physics of the medium (the initial scintillation and ionization), and second how the physics of the detector manipulates the resulting photons and liberated electrons. In this paper we develop a model of the detector physics that incorporates event topology, detector geometry, electric field configuration, purity, optical properties of componen…
Plastic scintillation detectors represent an efficient, cost-effective, customizable solution for assessment of gamma radiation fields in the context of nuclear security, environmental radiation survey, radiological and nuclear incidents response (RNe) and dosimetry for radiation protection purposes. Solid state light readout technologies such as Silicon Photomultiplier diodes (SiPM) are characterized by low operational voltage, mechanical robustness, compact dimensions, and fast pulse rise-time. Due to these intrinsic advantages, Silicon Photomultiplier diodes have been progressively replacin…
Environmental radioactivity is a dominant background for rare decay search experiments, and it is difficult to completely remove such an impurity from detector vessels. We propose a scintillation balloon as the active vessel of a liquid scintillator in order to identify this undesirable radioactivity. According to our feasibility studies, the scintillation balloon enables the bismuth--polonium sequential decay to be tagged with a 99.7\% efficiency, assuming a KamLAND (Kamioka Liquid scintillator AntiNeutrino Detector)-type liquid scintillator detector. This tagging of sequential decay using al…
GRANDProto35 is the first stage of the GRAND project. It will be composed of an array of 35 radio antennas and 24 scintillation detectors, the radio and scintillating subarrays being triggered independently. The scintillation detector array allow to cross check,through an offline treatment, if the selected radio candidates are indeed air shower events and thus quantitatively determine the detection efficiency of the radio array. The Hamamatsu R7725 is candidate for the scintillation detector photomultiplier. The characteristics of the PMT will directly affects the time and energy resolution, d…
For the first time secondary scintillation, generated within the holes of a thick gas electron multiplier (TGEM) immersed in liquid argon, has been observed and measured using a silicon photomultiplier device (SiPM). 250 electron-ion pairs, generated in liquid argon via the interaction of a 5.9KeV Fe-55 gamma source, were drifted under the influence of a 2.5KV/cm field towards a 1.5mm thickness TGEM, the local field sufficiently high to generate secondary scintillation light within the liquid as the charge traversed the central region of the TGEM hole. The resulting VUV light was incident on a…
The matrices formed of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are very promising photosensors for the scintillation detectors. The use of SiPM matrices with appropriate optical collector gives, in principle, a possibility to do a snapshot of glowing track of charged particle traversing a scintillator. The prototype of such scintillation detector is under development now in INR RAS. The preliminary results of characterization study of the matrix ArrayC-60035-64P-PCB (SensL company) for the prototype of such detector are presented.
A novel experiment for direct searches of the Dark Matter with liquid argon double-phase chamber with a mass of liquid Ar up to several hundred tons is proposed. To suppress the b-, g- and n0- backgrounds, the comparison of scintillation and ionization signals for every event is suggested. The addition in liquid Ar of photosensitive Ge(CH3)4 or C2H4 and suppression of triplet component of scintillation signals ensures the detection of scintillation signals with high efficiency and provides a complete suppression of the electron background. For the detection of photoelectrons and ionization ele…
Presented here are first tests of a Gaseous Photomultiplier based on a cascade of Thick GEM structures intended for gamma-ray position reconstruction in liquid Argon. The detector has a MgF$_2$ window, transparent to VUV light, and a CsI photocathode deposited on the first THGEM. A gain of $8\cdot10^{5}$ per photoelectron and $\sim100\%$ photoelectron collection efficiency are measured at stable operation settings. The excellent position resolution capabilities of the detector (better than 100 $μ$m) at 100 kHz readout rate, is demonstrated at room temperature. Structural integrity tests of the…
We developed a 12-liter volume neutron detector filled with the liquid scintillator EJ301 that measures neutrons in an underground laboratory where dark matter and neutrino experiments are located. The detector target is a cylindrical volume coated on the inside with reflective paint (95% reflectivity) that significantly increases the detector's light collection. We demonstrate several calibration techniques using point sources and cosmic-ray muons for energies up to 20 MeV for this large liquid scintillation detector. Neutron-gamma separation using pulse shape discrimination with a few MeV ne…
ICARUS T600 is the far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab(USA), which foresees three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers along the Booster Neutrino Beam line to search for LSND-like sterile neutrino signal. The T600 detector underwent a significant overhauling process at CERN, introducing new technological developments while maintaining the already achieved performances. The realization of a new liquid argon scintillation light detection system is a primary task of the detector overhaul. As the detector will be subject to a huge flux of cosmic rays, the light detecti…
Prompt scintillation signals from $^{83m}$Kr calibration sources are a useful metric to calibrate the spatial variation of light collection efficiency and electric field magnitude of a two phase liquid-gas xenon time projection chamber. Because $^{83m}$Kr decays in two steps, there are two prompt scintillation pulses for each calibration event, denoted S1a and S1b. We study the ratio of S1b to S1a signal sizes in the Particle Identification in Xenon at Yale (PIXeY) experiment and its dependence on the time separation between the two signals ($Δt$), notably its increase at low $Δt$. In PIXeY da…
A new method for directional fast neutron detection is proposed based on a neutron time projection chamber (TPC) and position-sensitive plastic scintillation detectors. The detection system can efficiently locate the approximate location of a hot spot with 4π field-of-view using only the neutron TPC. Then, the system generates a high-resolution image of the hot spot using selected coincidence events in the TPC and the scintillation detectors. A prototype was built and tested using a Cf-252 source. An efficiency of 7.1x10-3 was achieved for fast searching. The angular resolution was 7.8° (full …
We describe here measurements with a new device, the "dichroicon," a Winston-style light concentrator built out of dichroic reflectors, which could allow large-scale neutrino detectors to sort photons by wavelength with small overall light loss. Photon sorting would benefit large-scale water or ice Cherenkov detectors such as Hyper-Kamiokande or ICECUBE by providing a measure of dispersion, which in turn could allow improved position reconstruction and timing. For scintillator detectors like JUNO, upgrades to SNO+ or KamLAND-ZEN, or to water-based liquid scintillator detectors like Theia, dich…
Nuclear and high energy physics research has a need for new, high performance scintillators with high light yields; high densities, fast decay times, and are radiation hard. In this paper we present crystal growth and results from 16-mm diameter cerium (Ce)-doped Tl2LaCl5 (TLC) and europium (Eu)-doped TlCa2Br5(TCB) as well as one-inch diameter cerium-doped Tl2GdBr5 (TGB) and europium-dopedTlSr2I5 (TSI), each grown in a two-zone vertical furnace by the modified Bridgman method. Samples extracted and processed from the grown boule are characterized for their scintillation properties like energy …
START, a high-efficiency and low-noise scintillation detector for ionizing particles, was developed for the purpose of creating a high-granular system for triggering cosmic muons. Scintillation light in START is detected by MRS APDs (Avalanche Photo-Diodes with Metal-Resistance-Semiconductor structure), operated in the Geiger mode, which have 1 mm^2 sensitive areas. START is assembled from a 15 x 15 x 1 cm^3 scintillating plastic plate, two MRS APDs and two pieces of wavelength-shifting optical fiber stacked in circular coils inside the plastic. The front-end electronic card is mounted directl…
A 760 $\times$ 760 $\times$ 30 mm$^3$ plastic scintillation detector viewed by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) from four corners has been developed, and the detector has been tested with cosmic rays and $γ$ rays. A position-independent effective time T$_{eff}$ has been found, indicating this detector can be used as a TOF detector. The hit position can also be reconstructed by the time from four corners. A TOF resolution of 236 ps and a position resolution of 48 mm have been achieved, and the detection efficiency has also been investigated.
Scintillation detector has lower energy resolution for Gamma-ray as compared to semiconductor detector, better spectra analysis method is essential to traditional method. A model for describing the response function of scintillation detector over the range of incident Gamma-ray energies between 0.5 and 1.5 MeV has been established and applied to fitting radiation sources spectra. Each function form for describing the feature of Gamma-ray spectra are based on the analysis of fundamental interaction mechanism. These functions are combined to form a DRF model to fit experiment spectra by weighted…
It is a familiar fact that the total measured light yield of NaI (Tl) detectors is a nonlinear function of temperature. Here we present new experimental data for the temperature behavior of doped NaI(Tl) scintillators that instead shows a linear dependence of light output over a wide temperature range- including that for outdoor applications. The shape of the light pulse shows in general two decay processes: a single dominant process above room temperature and two decay time constants below. We show that redistribution of the intensities is temperature-dependent; the second (slow) decay compon…
A newly developed segmented YSO scintillator detector was implemented for the first time at the RI-beam Factory at RIKEN Nishina Center as an implantation-decay counter. The results from the experiment demonstrate that the detector is a viable alternative to conventional silicon-strip detectors with its good timing resolution and high detection efficiency for ${\rm β}$ particles. A Position-Sensitive Photo-Multiplier Tube (PSPMT) is coupled with a $48\times48$ segmented YSO crystal. To demonstrate its capabilities, a known short-lived isomer in $^{76}$Ni and the ${\rm β}$ decay of $^{74}$Co we…
Observing a high-statistics neutrino signal from the supernova explosions in the Galaxy is a major goal of low-energy neutrino astronomy. The prospects for detecting all flavors of neutrinos and antineutrinos from the core-collapse supernova (ccSN) in operating and forthcoming large liquid scintillation detectors (LLSD) are widely discussed now. One of proposed LLSD is Baksan Large Volume Scintillation Detector (BLVSD). This detector will be installed at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory (BNO) of the Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, at a depth of 4800 m.w.e. Low-energ…
An 800L liquid xenon scintillation $γ$ ray detector is being developed for the MEG experiment which will search for $μ^+\to\mathrm{e}^+γ$ decay at the Paul Scherrer Institut. Absorption of scintillation light of xenon by impurities might possibly limit the performance of such a detector. We used a 100L prototype with an active volume of 372x372x496 mm$^3$ to study the scintillation light absorption. We have developed a method to evaluate the light absorption, separately from elastic scattering of light, by measuring cosmic rays and $α$ sources. By using a suitable purification technique, an ab…
Liquid argon is being employed as a detector medium in neutrino physics and Dark Matter searches. A recent push to expand the applications of scintillation light in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber neutrino detectors has necessitated the development of advanced methods of simulating this light. The presently available methods tend to be prohibitively slow or imprecise due to the combination of detector size and the amount of energy deposited by neutrino beam interactions. In this work we present a semi-analytical model to predict the quantity of argon scintillation light observed by a ligh…
