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arXiv 2005.10532astro-ph.SRphysics.space-ph
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太阳光球出射磁场的洛伦兹力和力矩

On the Lorentz Force and Torque of Solar Photospheric Emerging Magnetic Fields

Aiying Duan, Chaowei Jiang, Shin Toriumi, Petros Syntelis

摘要:

由太阳发电机产生和增强的磁通量进入太阳大气层,形成包括太阳黑子在内的活动区(AR)。现有的磁通量出现理论认为,磁通量可以通过对流区上升,但被困在光球,而它的进一步上升到大气诉诸帕克浮力不稳定性。为了触发这种不稳定性,光球层中的洛伦兹力需要和气压梯度一样大,才能抵抗重力支撑额外的质量。这自然会导致一个强烈的非力自由光球,这确实是显示在典型的理想化数值模拟通量管浮力从下面的光球到日冕。在这里,我们进行了统计研究的范围内的归一化洛伦兹力和扭矩的新兴光球磁场与一个相当大的样本SDO/HMI矢量磁图。我们发现光球场的平均洛伦兹力和力矩都很小,因此非常接近于无力状态,这与理论以及理想化的通量出现模拟不一致。此外,力和扭矩的小范围似乎不受新兴AR的大小,出现率或场的非潜力的影响。这一结果提出了一个重要的限制未来发展的理论和模拟磁通出现。

英文摘要:

Magnetic flux generated and intensified by the solar dynamo emerges into the solar atmosphere, forming active regions (ARs) including sunspots. Existing theories of flux emergence suggest that the magnetic flux can rise buoyantly through the convection zone but is trapped at the photosphere, while its further rising into the atmosphere resorts to the Parker buoyancy instability. To trigger such an instability, the Lorentz force in the photosphere needs to be as large as the gas pressure gradient to hold up an extra amount of mass against gravity. This naturally results in a strongly non-force-free photosphere, which is indeed shown in typical idealized numerical simulations of flux tube buoyancy from below the photosphere into the corona. Here we conduct a statistical study of the extents of normalized Lorentz forces and torques in the emerging photospheric magnetic field with a substantially large sample of SDO/HMI vector magnetograms. We found that the photospheric field has a rather small Lorentz force and torque on average, and thus is very close to a force-free state, which is not consistent with theories as well as idealized simulations of flux emergence. Furthermore, the small extents of forces and torques seem not to be influenced by the emerging AR's size, the emergence rate, or the non-potentiality of the field. This result puts an important constraint on future development of theories and simulations of flux emergence.

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