Earliest quasars at the cosmic dawn are powered by mass accretion onto supermassive black holes of a billion solar masses. Massive black hole seeds forming through the direct collapse mechanism are considered the most promising candidates but how do they grow and co-evolve with their host galaxies at early cosmic times remains unknown. We here present results from a cosmological radiation hydrodynamical simulation including self-consistent modeling of both Pop III and Pop II star formation, their radiative and supernova feedback in the host galaxy along with X-ray feedback from an accreting massive black hole (MBH) of $\rm 10^5 ~M_{\odot}$ in a halo of $\rm 2 \times 10^9~M_{\odot}$ from $z=26$ down to $z=16$. Our results show that energy deposition from X-rays in the proximity of MBH suppresses Pop III star formation for about 12 Myr while at the same time these X-rays catalyze $\rm H_2$ formation which leads to the formation of a Pop III star cluster of 500 $\rm M_{\odot}$ in the close vicinity of the MBH. We find that mode of star formation for Pop III is episodic and bursty due to the clumpy accretion while for Pop II it is continuous. The stellar mass of the host galaxy at $z \sim 16$ is $\rm 2 \times 10^7~M_{\odot}$ with a star formation rate (SFR) of $\rm \sim 0.1-1~M_{\odot}/yr$. In total, the MBH accretes $\rm 1.5 \times 10^6~M_{\odot}$ during 120 Myr with the mean accretion rate of $\rm \sim 0.01~M_{\odot}/yr$ corresponding to an average Eddington fraction of 50\%.
Quasars and the Intergalactic Medium at Cosmic Dawn
类星体在宇宙黎明提供了强有力的探测宇宙中最早的超大质量黑洞(SMBH)的形成和生长,它们与星系和结构形成的联系,以及星系际介质(IGM)在再电离时期(EoR)的演化。在宇宙历史的头十亿年里,已经发现了数百个类星体,类星体的红移边界扩展到z~7.6。对类星体在宇宙黎明的观测表明:(1)在z>5时,亮类星体的数密度呈指数下降,表明最早的类星体出现在z~10时;它们的平均光谱能量分布没有强烈的演化,表明活动星系核环境的迅速建立。(2)在z>7.5时,已经存在了10亿个太阳质量的黑洞;它们必须在不到7亿年的时间内形成和生长,通过大量早期黑洞种子与高效和持续的吸积相结合。(3)类星体的快速增长伴随着强烈的恒星形成和反馈活动,在其宿主星系,这表现出不同的形态和动力学性质,与典型的动力学质量低于本地BH/星系标度关系所暗示的。(4)类星体光谱中的HI吸收探测到宇宙再电离的尾端在z~5.3-6,并指出EoR的中点在6.9 < z < 7.6,IGM电离的空间起伏很大。重元素吸收线的观测表明,环银河系介质也经历了其电离结构和金属富集在EoR的演变。
$\textit{Nāpōwawā`enakaulua}$: a close quasar pair at cosmic dawn in the Aether survey
International Gemini Observatory, NSF NOIRLab(国际双子座天文台,美国国家光学红外天文实验室);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站);Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University(海德堡大学理论物理研究所);Center for Astrophysics — Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, UC Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校卢瑟福天文台);Max Planck Institut für Astrophysik(马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所)
Discovery of Quasar Variability and Early Accretion Disk Signatures at Cosmic Dawn
Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Columbia University(哥伦比亚大学);Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所);University of Portsmouth(朴茨茅斯大学);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);University of Michigan(密歇根大学)
Extreme Enrichment at Cosmic Dawn: Three FeII-Strong Quasars at z > 6 from the JWST Aether survey
NSF NOIRLab, Gemini Observatory(美国国家光学红外天文实验室,双子座天文台);International Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab(国际双子座天文台/美国国家光学红外天文实验室);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站);Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University(海德堡大学理论物理研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio(意大利国家天体物理研究所天文与空间科学观测站);Dipartimento di Fisica Enrico Fermi, Università di Pisa(比萨大学恩里科·费米物理系)
Supermassive Dark Stars and their remnants as a possible solution to three recent cosmic dawn puzzles
Colgate University(科尔盖特大学);University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学);Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)(太空望远镜科学研究所);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);University of Texas(德克萨斯大学);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (NORDITA)(北欧理论物理研究所)
Radio Quasars in the Cosmic Dawn: A Spectroscopic Sample from the DESI Survey
NSF NOIRLab, Gemini Observatory(美国国家光学-红外天文研究实验室,双子座天文台);Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan(密歇根大学天文学系);Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University(杜伦大学物理系河外天文中心);NSF NOIRLab(美国国家光学-红外天文研究实验室);Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台);European Southern Observatory (ESO)(欧洲南方天文台);School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University(纽卡斯尔大学数学、统计与物理学院);Centre for Astrophysics Research, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学物理、天文与数学学院天体物理研究中心);Leiden Observatory, Leiden University(莱顿大学莱顿天文台)
Unveiling the Cosmic Dawn with SHARP: Probing extended Lyman-$α$ nebulae in a Universe less than 600 Myr old
INAF-IASF Milano(意大利国家天体物理研究所米兰天文物理研究所);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);Department of Mathematics and Physics, Roma Tre University(罗马三大大学数学与物理系);INAF–OAT, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste(意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台)
Nanohertz Gravitational-Wave Constraints on Supermassive Binary Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn
Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学);Curtin University(科廷大学);Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)(马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所(爱因斯坦研究所));Leibniz Universität Hannover(汉诺威莱布尼茨大学);Monash University(蒙纳士大学);University of Melbourne(墨尔本大学)
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio(意大利国家天体物理研究所);Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University(北京大学物理学院天文学系);Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University(北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna(博洛尼亚大学物理与天文学系);Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini,” Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca(米兰比可卡大学G. Occhialini物理系);DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学空间中心);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心);Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台);Institut für Astrophysik, Universität zu Köln(科隆大学天体物理研究所);Max Planck Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie(马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所)
VLA Observations at 6 and 19 GHz of a Complete Sample of Radio Loud Quasars with redshifts between 2.5 and 5.28: II. Sample definition, radio images, and analysis
No evolution in the number density of little red dots from cosmic dawn to cosmic noon
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学物理与天文系);Space Telescope Science Institute for the European Space Agency (ESA), ESA Office(欧洲空间局太空望远镜科学研究所);The William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学威廉·H·米勒三世物理与天文系);INAF – Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切尔奇天文台)
Infrared emission from $z \sim 6.5$ quasar host galaxies: a direct estimate of dust physical properties
University of Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);INAF – Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica(意大利国家天体物理研究所);Sorbonne University(索邦大学);Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris(巴黎天体物理学研究所);University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心);DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学空间研究所)
Rapid radio variability in the $z\sim7$ blazar VLASS J0410$-$0139: Indication of a hidden population of weak radio jets at Cosmic Dawn
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio(意大利国家天体物理研究所空间科学观测站);NSF NOIRLab, Gemini Observatory(美国国家光学红外天文研究实验室双子座天文台);ASTRON, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy(荷兰射电天文研究所);Leiden Observatory, Leiden University(莱顿大学莱顿天文台);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(国家射电天文台);Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales(迭戈·波特莱斯大学工程与科学学院天体物理研究所);Department of Astronomy Astrophysics and Space Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore(印度印多尔理工学院天文、天体物理与空间工程系)
Quasar Impostors: Two Extremely UV-Bright ($M_{\rm UV}\approx-23.5$) Reionisation-Epoch Galaxies Powered by Very Massive Stars
Leiden University(莱顿大学);University of California, Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校);Heidelberg University(海德堡大学);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校)