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arXiv 2005.10436astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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宇宙黎明时第一个类星体的形成

Inception of a first quasar at cosmic dawn

Muhammad A. Latif, Sadegh Khochfar

摘要:

宇宙黎明时最早的类星体是由10亿太阳质量的超大质量黑洞的质量吸积提供动力的。通过直接坍缩机制形成的大质量黑洞种子被认为是最有希望的候选者,但它们如何在早期宇宙时代与宿主星系一起成长和共同进化仍然是未知的。在这里,我们提出的结果,从宇宙学辐射流体动力学模拟,包括自洽建模的Pop III和Pop II恒星的形成,他们的辐射和超新星反馈在宿主星系随着X射线反馈吸积大质量黑洞(MBH)的$\rm 10^5 ~M_{\odot}$的$\rm 2 \times 10^9~M_{\odot}$从$z=26$下降到$z=16$的晕。我们的研究结果表明,能量沉积从X射线在MBH附近抑制Pop III星形成约12万年,而在同一时间,这些X射线催化$\rm H_2$的形成,导致形成的Pop III星团的500 $\rm M_{\odot}$在MBH附近。我们发现,由于星团吸积,Pop III的恒星形成模式是幕式的和突发的,而Pop II则是连续的。主星系的恒星质量为$z \sim 16$,恒星形成率(SFR)为$\rm \sim 0.1-1~M_{\odot}/yr$。总的来说,MBH在1.2亿年的时间里吸积了$\rm 1.5 \times 10^6~M_{\odot}$,平均吸积率为$\rm \sim 0.01~M_{\odot}/yr$,相当于平均爱丁顿分数为50%。

英文摘要:

Earliest quasars at the cosmic dawn are powered by mass accretion onto supermassive black holes of a billion solar masses. Massive black hole seeds forming through the direct collapse mechanism are considered the most promising candidates but how do they grow and co-evolve with their host galaxies at early cosmic times remains unknown. We here present results from a cosmological radiation hydrodynamical simulation including self-consistent modeling of both Pop III and Pop II star formation, their radiative and supernova feedback in the host galaxy along with X-ray feedback from an accreting massive black hole (MBH) of $\rm 10^5 ~M_{\odot}$ in a halo of $\rm 2 \times 10^9~M_{\odot}$ from $z=26$ down to $z=16$. Our results show that energy deposition from X-rays in the proximity of MBH suppresses Pop III star formation for about 12 Myr while at the same time these X-rays catalyze $\rm H_2$ formation which leads to the formation of a Pop III star cluster of 500 $\rm M_{\odot}$ in the close vicinity of the MBH. We find that mode of star formation for Pop III is episodic and bursty due to the clumpy accretion while for Pop II it is continuous. The stellar mass of the host galaxy at $z \sim 16$ is $\rm 2 \times 10^7~M_{\odot}$ with a star formation rate (SFR) of $\rm \sim 0.1-1~M_{\odot}/yr$. In total, the MBH accretes $\rm 1.5 \times 10^6~M_{\odot}$ during 120 Myr with the mean accretion rate of $\rm \sim 0.01~M_{\odot}/yr$ corresponding to an average Eddington fraction of 50\%.

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