发表机构
Beijing Normal University; Curtin University; Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute); Leibniz Universität Hannover; Monash University; University of Melbourne（北京师范大学; 科廷大学; 马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所（爱因斯坦研究所）; 汉诺威莱布尼茨大学; 蒙纳士大学; 墨尔本大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
研究人员引入考虑红移的脉冲星计时阵列框架，对宇宙黎明时期高红移超大质量双黑洞给出纳赫兹引力波约束，建立了探测早期宇宙黑洞并合的实用框架。
AI 中文摘要
脉冲星计时阵列（PTA）的标准连续引力波搜索忽略了宇宙学红移，限制了其在本地宇宙中的适用性。我们引入了一种考虑红移的PTA框架，并将其应用于Parkes PTA第三批数据发布，首次直接约束了宇宙黎明时期的超大质量双黑洞（SMBBHs）。在宽红移范围内评估我们的极限，通过观测确立了由理论“红移偏差”驱动的非单调质量-红移排除边界，证明了PTA如何有效探测极远距离的源。对高红移系统（包括超亮类星体J0100+2802（z=6.327）和JWST发现的星系JADES-GS-z14-0（z=14.32））进行考虑红移的定向搜索，在纳赫兹频段严格排除了啁啾质量Mc≳10^10M⊙的SMBBHs。最后，我们证明高红移双黑洞可被可靠探测和定位，从而准确测量其本征属性。我们的结果提供了迄今为止z>6时SMBBHs的最严格约束，并建立了探测早期宇宙黑洞并合的实用框架。
英文摘要
Standard continuous gravitational-wave searches with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) neglect cosmological redshift, restricting their applicability to the local Universe. We introduce a redshift-aware PTA framework and apply it to the Parkes PTA Data Release 3, deriving the first direct constraints on supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) at the cosmic dawn. Evaluating our limits across a broad redshift range, we observationally establish the non-monotonic mass-redshift exclusion boundary driven by the theoretical ``redshift bias", demonstrating how PTAs can effectively probe sources at extreme distances. Redshift-aware targeted searches toward high-redshift systems, including the ultraluminous quasar J0100+2802 ($z=6.327$) and the JWST-discovered galaxy JADES-GS-z14-0 ($z=14.32$), rigorously exclude SMBBHs with chirp masses $\mathcal{M}_c \gtrsim 10^{10} M_\odot$ across the nanohertz frequency band. Finally, we demonstrate that high-redshift binaries can be robustly detected and localized, allowing for the accurate measurement of their intrinsic properties. Our results provide the tightest constraints to date on SMBBHs at $z > 6$ and establish a practical framework for probing early-Universe black hole assembly.
Comments9 pages, 4 figures; Accepted for publication in PRL
