利用检索的卫星灰柱和逆灰输送模型估算火山灰排放
Estimating volcanic ash emissions using retrieved satellite ash columns and inverse ash transport modelling
摘要：
本文介绍了挪威气象研究所业务上使用的反演程序，用于从检索到的卫星灰柱量和先验知识估计灰的排放率。整个过程包括五个阶段：（1）生成先验排放估计;（2）使用单位排放量进行正向模拟;（3）将观测值与排放模拟搭配/匹配;（4）建立线性方程组;（5）求解超定系统。我们通过反演过程的数学基础，合成情况下的性能，以及现实世界的情况下的性能。本文的新颖之处包括修剪的线性方程组中使用的反演和列入观测灰云顶高度。本作品中使用的源代码在开源许可证下免费提供，并且可以用于其他类似的应用程序。
英文摘要：
This paper describes the inversion procedure being used operationally at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute for estimating ash emission rates from retrieved satellite ash column amounts and a priori knowledge. The overall procedure consists of five stages: (1) generate a priori emission estimates; (2) run forward simulations with unit emissions; (3) collocate/match observations with emission simulations; (4) build system of linear equations; and (5) solve overdetermined system. We go through the mathematical foundations for the inversion procedure, performance for synthetic cases, and performance for real-world cases. The novelties of this paper includes pruning of the linear system of equations used in the inversion and inclusion of observations of ash cloud top altitude. The source code used in this work is freely available under an open source license, and is possible to use for other similar applications.
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