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arXiv 2005.07439eess.SYcs.SY
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基于最优控制的电动赛车能量管理策略

Energy Management Strategy for an Autonomous Electric Racecar using Optimal Control

Thomas Herrmann, Fabian Christ, Johannes Betz, Markus Lienkamp

摘要:

乘用车的自动化越来越普遍,导致汽车在未来几年内实现完全自主。此外,可持续的电动交通越来越重要。由于赛车一直是技术的开发平台,后来也转移到乘用车上,因此创建了一种名为Roborace的自动电动赛车比赛形式。由于电动赛车只能储存有限的能量,因此需要一个能量管理策略(EMS)来计算出赛道的时间和最小能量轨迹。同时,在计算比赛轨迹时,必须考虑电动动力系统中的技术限制和部件行为。在本文中,我们提出了一种特殊类型的EMS的概念。这是基于最优控制问题(OCP)的生成时间最小的全局轨迹,通过直接正交配置的转录非线性规划问题(NLPP)解决。我们扩展这个最小圈速的问题,增加我们的想法,一个整体的EMS。这种方法证明了所述想法的基本可行性,例如,由于EMS所涵盖的能量限制而改变跑道和速度。此外,所提出的概念形成的基础上,未来的工作元模型的动力系统的组件,可以被送入OCP,以增加有效性的EMS的控制输出。

英文摘要:

The automation of passenger vehicles is becoming more and more widespread, leading to full autonomy of cars within the next years. Furthermore, sustainable electric mobility is gaining in importance. As racecars have been a development platform for technology that has later also been transferred to passenger vehicles, a race format for autonomous electric racecars called Roborace has been created. As electric racecars only store a limited amount of energy, an Energy Management Strategy (EMS) is needed to work out the time as well as the minimum energy trajectories for the track. At the same time, the technical limitations and component behavior in the electric powertrain must be taken into account when calculating the race trajectories. In this paper, we present a concept for a special type of EMS. This is based on the Optimal Control Problem (OCP) of generating a time-minimal global trajectory which is solved by the transcription via direct orthogonal collocation to a Nonlinear Programming Problem (NLPP). We extend this minimum lap time problem by adding our ideas for a holistic EMS. This approach proves the fundamental feasibility of the stated ideas, e.g. varying racepaths and velocities due to energy limitations, covered by the EMS. Also, the presented concept forms the basis for future work on meta-models of the powertrain's components that can be fed into the OCP to increase the validity of the control output of the EMS.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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