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arXiv 2005.06744astro-ph.EP
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矮行星妊神星环形成过程的N体模拟

N-body Simulations of Ring Formation Process around the Dwarf Planet Haumea

Iori Sumida, Yuya Ishizawa, Natsuki Hosono, Takanori Sasaki

摘要:

妊神星是唯一已知的外海王星天体。环的位置与妊神星的旋转周期产生3:1的自旋轨道共振,妊神星具有三轴形状。妊神星周围的非轴对称引力场被认为影响了环的动力学;然而,环的形成过程还没有被阐明。在这项研究中,我们详细分析了妊神星潜在的环形成情景。我们首先计算了三轴椭球周围的引力场,并使用包含时变引力场的模拟来估计围绕妊神星旋转的物体可以稳定存在的距离。模拟结果表明,该物体的轨迹在其当前环位置内变得不稳定。接下来,我们解析地推导了绕三轴椭球旋转的刚体的罗氏半径,并表明罗氏半径可以接近当前环的位置。此外,作为一个参数的研究,我们进行了N体模拟使用的系数碎石桩恢复作为一个变量。结果表明,根据众多的参数,罗氏半径的位置是接近目前的妊神星环的位置。根据这些发现,我们可以假设,在轨道的不稳定区域的边界和罗氏半径之间的区域中形成环的可能性很高。这项研究中提出的方案可以帮助解释妊神星环形成的过程。

英文摘要:

Haumea is the only known trans-Neptunian object with a ring. The ring is in a position that causes a 3:1 spin-orbit resonance with the rotational period of Haumea, which has a triaxial shape. The non-axisymmetric gravitational field around Haumea is thought to affect the dynamics of the ring; however, the process of ring formation has not been elucidated. In this study, we analyze in some detail a potential ring formation scenario for Haumea. We first calculated the gravitational field around the triaxial ellipsoid and estimated the distance at which an object revolving around Haumea can exist stably using simulation that incorporated the time-varying gravitational field. The results of this simulation showed that the trajectory of the object became unstable just inside its current ring position. Next, we analytically derived the Roche radius for a rigid body revolving around a triaxial ellipsoid and showed that the Roche radius could be near the current ring position. Furthermore, as a parameter study, we performed N-body simulations using the coefficient of rubble pile restitution as a variable. Results demonstrated that, according to numerous parameters, the position of the Roche radius was near the current position of Haumea's ring. Based on these findings, we can assume that there is a high possibility that the ring formed in the region between the boundary of the unstable region of the orbit and the Roche radius. The scenario presented in this study could help explain the process by which Haumea's ring formed.

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