量子载流子中的强非定量经典信息
Strongly non-quantitative classical information in quantum carriers
摘要：
提高通信质量的一个简单方法是发送带有副本的载体。经典信息论认为，信息在复制的情况下表现出定量的行为。换句话说，如果一个载体比另一个载体更具信息性，那么当它们与其副本进行比较时，情况仍然如此。利用量子力学的镜头，我们挑战经典信息论的这一公认事实。具体来说，我们研究两个量子系统参数不同的相同的随机变量，使第一个系统单独提供一个更准确的猜测变量在任何品质因数，而第二个系统的两个副本一起做更多的一些品质因数比原来的系统的两个副本。这一发现揭示了经典信息与其载体之间的概念差异，并暗示了以量子信息的形式隐藏经典信息的可能性。
英文摘要：
A simple method to enhance the quality of communication is to send a carrier with its copies. Classical information theory says that information behaves quantitatively under copying. In other words, if a carrier is more informatic than another carrier, it remains so when they are compared with their copies. Using the lens of quantum mechanics, we challenge this accepted fact of classical information theory. Specifically, we examine two quantum systems parameterized differently by the same random variable such that the first system alone offers a more accurate guess about the variable in any figure of merit, while the two copies of the second system together do more in some figures of merit than the two copies of the original system. This finding unveils a conceptual discrepancy between classical information and its carrier, and implies the possibility of hiding classical information in a form of quantum information.
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