动态呼吸机回路分配器：增加可用呼吸机数量的更安全方法
Dynamic Ventilatory circuit divider: Safer way to multiply the number of available ventilators
摘要：
背景：最近的大流行使世界各地对机械制冷机的需求激增。在这种背景下，人们对寻找从单个呼吸机支持多个患者的方法产生了广泛的兴趣。描述了基于呼吸机管道的简单机械划分的各种解决方案。然而，最近多个国际专业协会已经发出警告，反对这些管道解决方案，因为它会严重伤害患者。研究方法：我们已经将吸气和呼气导管从单个呼吸机中分叉，并添加了单向阀、压力和流量传感器以及容量和PEEP控制。专用软件和基于低成本微控制器的控制系统将数据以熟悉的解释性图形和数字格式集成并显示在通用屏幕上。该系统使用具有不同顺应性的模拟肺进行校准。除了标准的微生物、热和湿气交换过滤器之外，我们还设计在呼气通道中添加254-260纳米波长的UV-C光，以实现其杀病毒效果。结果如下：动态呼吸分配器系统能够为个体患者提供和控制个体流量、潮气量（TV）和呼气末正压（PEEP）。此外，它还将以熟悉的格式在单个分屏上显示两个患者的诊断参数。FiO 2和心率仍由母呼吸机控制。结论：该原型系统有可能从单个呼吸机向至少两个人提供安全通气，同时保持每个患者的独特要求。
英文摘要：
Background: Recent pandemic has brought a sudden surge in the requirement of mechanical ventilators all over the world. In this backdrop, there is wide interest in looking for ways to support multiple patients from a single ventilator. Various solutions, based upon simple mechanical division of the ventilator tubings are described. However, recently warnings have been issued by multiple international professional societies against these plumbing solutions as it can seriously harm the patients. Methods: We have bifurcated the inspiratory and expiratory conduits from a single ventilator with addition of one way valves, pressure and flow sensors along with volume and PEEP control. A purpose-built software and a low-cost microcontroller based control system integrates and displays the data in the familiar ventilatory graphic and numerical format onto a generic screen. The system is calibrated with simulated lungs with varying compliance. In addition to the standard microbial, heat and moisture exchanger filters we design to add UV-C lights at 254-260 nanometre wavelength in the expiratory channel for its virucidal effect. Results: The dynamic ventilatory divider system is capable of providing and controlling individual flow, tidal volume (TV) and Positive End-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for individual patients. Furthermore, it would also display the ventilatory parameters of both the patients, on a single split screen, in a familiar format. FiO2 and rate are still controlled by the mother ventilator. Conclusions: The prototype system has a potential to provide safe ventilation to at least two individuals from a single ventilator, while maintaining the unique requirements of each patient.
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