核碰撞中量子平衡、耗散和涨落的时标
Timescales of quantum equilibration, dissipation and fluctuation in nuclear collisions
摘要：
理解量子系统中平衡过程的动力学以及它们与耗散和涨落的相互作用是量子多体理论的一个主要挑战。这种过程的时间尺度的原子核碰撞中使用完全微观的方法进行了研究。从含时Hartree-Fock（TDHF）和含时随机相位近似（TDRPA）计算的结果进行了比较，在广泛的能量范围内的13个系统。全质量平衡的时间尺度（$\sim2\times10^{-20}$ s）被发现是远远大于时间尺度的中子-质子平衡，动能和角动量耗散的顺序是$10^{-21}$ s。碎片中质量数的波动以及它们的中子数和质子数之间的相关性在几个$10^{-21}$ s内就建立起来了。这表明耗散基本上不受质量平衡的影响，但主要是由碎片之间的核子交换驱动的。
英文摘要：
Understanding the dynamics of equilibration processes in quantum systems as well as their interplay with dissipation and fluctuation is a major challenge in quantum many-body theory. The timescales of such processes are investigated in collisions of atomic nuclei using fully microscopic approaches. Results from time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) and time-dependent random-phase approximation (TDRPA) calculations are compared for 13 systems over a broad range of energies. The timescale for full mass equilibration ($\sim2\times10^{-20}$s) is found to be much larger than timescales for neutron-to-proton equilibration, kinetic energy and angular momentum dissipations which are on the order of $10^{-21}$s. Fluctuations of mass numbers in the fragments and correlations between their neutron and proton numbers build up within only a few $10^{-21}$s. This indicates that dissipation is basically not impacted by mass equilibration, but is mostly driven by the exchange of nucleons between the fragments.
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