AI 中文总结
该研究以格点λφ⁴理论为基础，利用量子计算模拟经典场产生的粒子过程，揭示了粒子产生伴随的热化及量子庞加莱回归现象，为非平衡量子场论研究提供了新途径。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究经典场产生的粒子，这一现象是相对论重离子碰撞的预平衡动力学以及早期宇宙的再加热时期的核心内容。我们以格点λφ⁴理论作为原理验证，表明该问题天然适用于量子计算，为现有近似之外的非平衡量子场动力学提供了第一性原理框架。我们在小空间格点上进行模拟，耗尽了可用的经典计算资源，同时保持了与未来量子计算实现的直接映射。我们发现粒子产生伴随着可观测量的热化，包括场期望值、占有数分布和压强。观测到的热化持续的时间尺度比初始热化时间长数倍，之后可观测量恢复与量子庞加莱回归相关的振荡行为。我们的结果为非平衡量子场论中热化的第一性原理研究建立了途径，并为强子对撞机上最小的局域热化夸克-胶子系统的搜索提供了见解。
英文摘要
We investigate particle production from classical fields, a phenomenon central to the pre-equilibrium dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and the reheating epoch of the early Universe. Using lattice $λϕ^4$ theory as a proof of principle, we show that this problem is naturally amenable to quantum computation, providing a first-principles framework for nonequilibrium quantum-field dynamics beyond existing approximations. We perform simulations on small spatial lattices, exhausting our available classical computational resources while maintaining a direct mapping to future quantum-computing implementations. We find that particle production is accompanied by equilibration of observables, including the field expectation value, occupation-number distribution, and pressure. The observed equilibration persists for timescales several times longer than the initial equilibration time before the observables resume oscillatory behavior associated with quantum Poincaré recurrences. Our results establish a route toward first-principles studies of equilibration in nonequilibrium quantum field theory and provide insight into the search for the smallest possible locally equilibrated quark-gluon systems at hadron colliders.
Comments7 pages, 3 figures, plus Supplemental Material
