普朗克尺度极限值物理
Physics of Limit Values at Planck scale
摘要：
物理学最终目标的传统表述（在狭义的公理理论中）涉及从第一原理推导物理定律。然而，这样的选择并没有使事情变得更容易，因为第一原理发现的任务并不比原始问题复杂。理解我们周围世界的另一条途径是将基本极限值解释为决定物理定律结构的因素。这条道路的很大一部分已经完成。这是可能的，以表明量子力学可以建立在基础上的存在最小的量子作用，而狭义相对论-对最大速度c。此外，从相当近的时期开始，人们清楚地看到，类似的方法可以在广义相对论中实现，但在这种情况下，它可以通过假设存在最小长度来构造。这篇评论的目的是证明极限值作为描述普朗克尺度物理学的工具的有效性。此外，由于极限值的普适性，我们可以在初看起来很遥远的物理学领域之间建立联系。我们将考虑在量子实在中包含引力效应的最简单的结果。这种考虑的最重要的结果是，从经典的连续统概念过渡到离散时空概念是不可避免的。这种转变所产生的新物理学将成为我们关注的中心。
英文摘要：
The traditional formulation of the ultimate goal of physics (in the narrower sense of axiomatic theory) involves the derivation of physical laws from first principles. Though, such option doesn't make things easier since the task of the first principles finding is not less complicated versus to the original problem. The alternative path for understanding the world around us is to interpret the fundamental limit values as a factor determining the physical laws structure. A significant part of this path has already been completed. It was possible to show that the quantum mechanics can be built on the basis of the existence of the minimum quantum action, while the special theory of relativity - on the maximum speed c. Furthermore, from rather recently it became clear that a similar approach could be implemented in general relativity but in this case it can be constructed by postulating the existence of a minimum lengths. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the effectiveness of limit values as a tool for describing the physics of the Planck scale. Moreover, by virtue of their universality, the limit values allow us to establish relationships between, on first glance, distant fields of physics. We will consider the simplest consequences of the inclusion of gravitational effects in quantum reality. The most important consequence of this consideration is the inevitability of transition from the classical concept of continuum to the concept of the discrete space-time. The new physics generated by such transition will be in the center of our attention.
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