旋转体波的放大
Amplification of waves from a rotating body
摘要：
1971年泽尔多维奇预言，量子涨落和经典波从旋转的吸收圆柱体反射回来，将获得能量并被放大。这一关键的概念性步骤有助于理解黑洞也可能放大量子波动，但由于对圆柱旋转速率的挑战性实验要求必须大于入射波频率，因此尚未得到实验验证。在这里，我们实验证明，这些条件可以满足声波。我们表明，低频声学模式的轨道角动量传输通过吸收旋转磁盘和放大高达30%或更多时，磁盘旋转速率满足Zel'dovich条件。这些实验解决了基础物理学中的一个突出问题，并对未来从旋转系统中提取能量的研究产生了影响。
英文摘要：
In 1971 Zel'dovich predicted that quantum fluctuations and classical waves reflected from a rotating absorbing cylinder will gain energy and be amplified. This key conceptual step towards the understanding that black holes may also amplify quantum fluctuations, has not been verified experimentally due to the challenging experimental requirements on the cylinder rotation rate that must be larger than the incoming wave frequency. Here we experimentally demonstrate that these conditions can be satisfied with acoustic waves. We show that low-frequency acoustic modes with orbital angular momentum are transmitted through an absorbing rotating disk and amplified by up to 30% or more when the disk rotation rate satisfies the Zel'dovich condition. These experiments address an outstanding problem in fundamental physics and have implications for future research into the extraction of energy from rotating systems.
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