超导电路中的泽尔多维奇放大
Zel'dovich amplification in a superconducting circuit
摘要：
Zel'dovich提出，从旋转的金属有损耗圆柱体反射的具有角动量的电磁波将被放大。然而，我们仍然缺乏一个直接的实验EM波验证这个50岁的预测，由于具有挑战性的条件下，这种现象表现出来：机械旋转频率的圆柱体必须与EM振荡频率。在这里，我们提出了一个实验方法，解决了这个问题，并预计将导致一个可测量的Zel'dovich放大与现有的超导电路技术。我们设计了一个低频电磁模式的超导电路，通过自由空间耦合到磁悬浮和旋转的微球放置在电路的中心。我们从理论上估计电路的EM模式增益，并表明，旋转的微球可以导致实验上可观察到的放大，从而铺平了道路的第一个EM场实验演示Zel'dovich放大。
英文摘要：
Zel'dovich proposed that electromagnetic (EM) waves with angular momentum reflected from a rotating metallic, lossy cylinder will be amplified. However, we are still lacking a direct experimental EM-wave verification of this fifty-year old prediction due to the challenging conditions in which the phenomenon manifests itself: the mechanical rotation frequency of the cylinder must be comparable with the EM oscillation frequency. Here we propose an experimental approach that solves this issue and is predicted to lead to a measurable Zel'dovich amplification with existing superconducting circuit technology. We design a superconducting circuit with low frequency EM modes that couple through free-space to a magnetically levitated and spinning micro-sphere placed at the center of the circuit. We theoretically estimate the circuit EM mode gain and show that rotation of the micro-sphere can lead to experimentally observable amplification, thus paving the way for the first EM-field experimental demonstration of Zel'dovich amplification.
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