We address the effect of particle scattering on the energy spectra of solar energetic electron events using i) an observational and ii) a modeling approach. i) We statistically study observations of the STEREO spacecraft making use of directional electron measurements made with the SEPT instrument in the range of 45 -- 425 keV. We compare the energy spectra of the anti-sunward propagating beam with that one of the backward scattered population and find that, on average, the backward scattered population shows a harder spectrum with the effect being stronger at higher energies. ii) We use a numerical SEP transport model to simulate the effect of particle scattering (both in terms of pitch-angle and perpendicular to the mean field) on the spectrum. We find that pitch-angle scattering can lead to spectral changes at higher energies (E $>100$ keV) and further away from the Sun (r $> 1$ au) which are also often observed. At lower energies, and closer to the Sun the effect of pitch-angle scattering is much reduced so that the simulated energy spectra still resemble the injected power-law functions. When examining pitch-angle dependent spectra, we find, in agreement with the observational results, that the spectra of the backward propagating electrons are harder than that of the forward (from the Sun) propagating population. {We conclude that {\it Solar Orbiter} and {\it Parker Solar Probe} will be able to observe the unmodulated omni-directional SEP electron spectrum close to the Sun at higher energies, giving a direct indication of the accelerated spectrum. }
Energetic Particle Acceleration and Transport: Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections and Shocks
National Observatory of Athens, IAASARS（雅典国家天文台）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University（普林斯顿大学天体物理科学系）；European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)（欧洲空间局（ESA），欧洲空间天文中心（ESAC））；Universidad de Alcalá, Space Research Group (SRG-UAH)（阿尔卡拉大学，空间研究小组（SRG-UAH））；The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学，应用物理实验室）；Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel（基尔大学实验与应用物理研究所）；National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Technology and Science of China（中国科学技术大学深空探测全国重点实验室/地球与空间科学学院）；Institute of Physics, University of Graz（格拉茨大学物理研究所）；NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室）；University of New Hampshire（新罕布什尔大学）；Southwest Research Institute（西南研究院）；CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学院比较行星学卓越创新中心，中国科学技术大学）
本综述利用多航天器多点多仪器观测，结合Solar Orbiter与Parker Solar Probe的近太阳高能粒子测量，研究行星际日冕物质抛射和激波对高能粒子加速与传输的作用，以解决相关未决问题。
Random Walk and Trapping of Interplanetary Magnetic Field Lines: Global Simulation, Magnetic Connectivity, and Implications for Solar Energetic Particles
On the Role of Alfvenic Fluctuations as Mediators of Coherence within Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections: Investigation of Multi-Spacecraft Measurements at 1 au
Connection-angle dependence of proton anisotropy in ground-level enhancement events
Heliophysics Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（NASA 戈达德太空飞行中心日物理部）；Catholic University of America（美国天主教大学）；Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Lancashire（兰开夏大学杰里迈亚·霍罗克斯研究所）
The Diffusion Approximation vs. the Telegraph Equation for Modeling Solar Energetic Particle Transport with Adiabatic Focusing. I. Isotropic Pitch-angle Scattering
Multi-spacecraft constraints on relativistic solar energetic particle transport in the widespread 28 October 2021 event
National & Kapodistrian University of Athens（雅典国立卡波迪斯特里安大学）；Institute for the Management of Information Systems, "Athena" Research Center（雅典研究中心信息管理研究所）；Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing (IAASARS), National Observatory of Athens（雅典国家天文台天文学、天体物理学、空间应用和遥感研究所）；Space Research Laboratory, University of Turku（图尔库大学空间研究实验室）；Centre for Space Research, North-West University（西北大学空间研究中心）；National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS)（国家理论与计算科学研究所）；The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）
