Speaker recognition systems based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are often built with off-the-shelf backbones such as VGG-Net or ResNet. However, these backbones were originally proposed for image classification, and therefore may not be naturally fit for speaker recognition. Due to the prohibitive complexity of manually exploring the design space, we propose the first neural architecture search approach approach for the speaker recognition tasks, named as AutoSpeech. Our algorithm first identifies the optimal operation combination in a neural cell and then derives a CNN model by stacking the neural cell for multiple times. The final speaker recognition model can be obtained by training the derived CNN model through the standard scheme. To evaluate the proposed approach, we conduct experiments on both speaker identification and speaker verification tasks using the VoxCeleb1 dataset. Results demonstrate that the derived CNN architectures from the proposed approach significantly outperform current speaker recognition systems based on VGG-M, ResNet-18, and ResNet-34 back-bones, while enjoying lower model complexity.
In this paper, a novel architecture for speaker recognition is proposed by cascading speech enhancement and speaker processing. Its aim is to improve speaker recognition performance when speech signals are corrupted by noise. Instead of individually processing speech enhancement and speaker recognition, the two modules are integrated into one framework by a joint optimisation using deep neural networks. Furthermore, to increase robustness against noise, a multi-stage attention mechanism is employed to highlight the speaker related features learned from context information in time and frequency…
Initially developed for natural language processing (NLP), Transformer model is now widely used for speech processing tasks such as speaker recognition, due to its powerful sequence modeling capabilities. However, conventional self-attention mechanisms are originally designed for modeling textual sequence without considering the characteristics of speech and speaker modeling. Besides, different Transformer variants for speaker recognition have not been well studied. In this work, we propose a novel multi-view self-attention mechanism and present an empirical study of different Transformer vari…
Under noisy conditions, automatic speech recognition (ASR) can greatly benefit from the addition of visual signals coming from a video of the speaker's face. However, when multiple candidate speakers are visible this traditionally requires solving a separate problem, namely active speaker detection (ASD), which entails selecting at each moment in time which of the visible faces corresponds to the audio. Recent work has shown that we can solve both problems simultaneously by employing an attention mechanism over the competing video tracks of the speakers' faces, at the cost of sacrificing some …
Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLDA) has become state-of-the-art method for modeling $i$-vector space in speaker recognition task. However the performance degradation is observed if enrollment data size differs from one speaker to another. This paper presents a solution to such problem by introducing new PLDA scoring normalization technique. Normalization parameters are derived in a blind way, so that, unlike traditional \textit{ZT-norm}, no extra development data is required. Moreover, proposed method has shown to be optimal in terms of detection cost function. The experiments co…
In this paper, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based speaker recognition model for extracting robust speaker embeddings. The embedding can be extracted efficiently with linear activation in the embedding layer. To understand how the speaker recognition model operates with text-independent input, we modify the structure to extract frame-level speaker embeddings from each hidden layer. We feed utterances from the TIMIT dataset to the trained network and use several proxy tasks to study the networks ability to represent speech input and differentiate voice identity. We found that …
Recently, deep neural networks (DNN) have been widely used in speaker recognition area. In order to achieve fast response time and high accuracy, the requirements for hardware resources increase rapidly. However, as the speaker recognition application is often implemented on mobile devices, it is necessary to maintain a low computational cost while keeping high accuracy in far-field condition. In this paper, we apply structural sparsification on time-delay neural networks (TDNN) to remove redundant structures and accelerate the execution. On our targeted hardware, our model can remove 60% of p…
This paper explores applying the wav2vec2 framework to speaker recognition instead of speech recognition. We study the effectiveness of the pre-trained weights on the speaker recognition task, and how to pool the wav2vec2 output sequence into a fixed-length speaker embedding. To adapt the framework to speaker recognition, we propose a single-utterance classification variant with CE or AAM softmax loss, and an utterance-pair classification variant with BCE loss. Our best performing variant, w2v2-aam, achieves a 1.88% EER on the extended voxceleb1 test set compared to 1.69% EER with an ECAPA-TDN…
Université de Lille（里尔大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；Deepmind（深度思维）；Google Research（谷歌研究院）
Speaker recognition is a well known and studied task in the speech processing domain. It has many applications, either for security or speaker adaptation of personal devices. In this paper, we present a new paradigm for automatic speaker recognition that we call Interactive Speaker Recognition (ISR). In this paradigm, the recognition system aims to incrementally build a representation of the speakers by requesting personalized utterances to be spoken in contrast to the standard text-dependent or text-independent schemes. To do so, we cast the speaker recognition task into a sequential decision…
Automatic speaker recognition algorithms typically characterize speech audio using short-term spectral features that encode the physiological and anatomical aspects of speech production. Such algorithms do not fully capitalize on speaker-dependent characteristics present in behavioral speech features. In this work, we propose a prosody encoding network called DeepTalk for extracting vocal style features directly from raw audio data. The DeepTalk method outperforms several state-of-the-art speaker recognition systems across multiple challenging datasets. The speaker recognition performance is f…
In this paper we investigate the ability of generative adversarial networks (GANs) to synthesize spoofing attacks on modern speaker recognition systems. We first show that samples generated with SampleRNN and WaveNet are unable to fool a CNN-based speaker recognition system. We propose a modification of the Wasserstein GAN objective function to make use of data that is real but not from the class being learned. Our semi-supervised learning method is able to perform both targeted and untargeted attacks, raising questions related to security in speaker authentication systems.
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Naver Corporation（Naver公司）；SRI International（SRI国际）；MIT Lincoln Laboratory（麻省理工学院林肯实验室）
We held the second installment of the VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge in conjunction with Interspeech 2020. The goal of this challenge was to assess how well current speaker recognition technology is able to diarise and recognize speakers in unconstrained or `in the wild' data. It consisted of: (i) a publicly available speaker recognition and diarisation dataset from YouTube videos together with ground truth annotation and standardised evaluation software; and (ii) a virtual public challenge and workshop held at Interspeech 2020. This paper outlines the challenge, and describes the base…
Escola Universitària Politècnica de Mataró（马塔罗理工大学学院）；Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）
This paper presents a new database collected from a bilingual speakers set (49), in two different languages: Spanish and Catalan. Phonetically there are significative differences between both languages. These differences have let us to establish several conclusions on the relevance of language in speaker recognition, using two methods: vector quantization and covariance matrices
This work considers training neural networks for speaker recognition with a much smaller dataset size compared to contemporary work. We artificially restrict the amount of data by proposing three subsets of the popular VoxCeleb2 dataset. These subsets are restricted to 50\,k audio files (versus over 1\,M files available), and vary on the axis of number of speakers and session variability. We train three speaker recognition systems on these subsets; the X-vector, ECAPA-TDNN, and wav2vec2 network architectures. We show that the self-supervised, pre-trained weights of wav2vec2 substantially impro…
Speaker recognition is a task of identifying persons from their voices. Recently, deep learning has dramatically revolutionized speaker recognition. However, there is lack of comprehensive reviews on the exciting progress. In this paper, we review several major subtasks of speaker recognition, including speaker verification, identification, diarization, and robust speaker recognition, with a focus on deep-learning-based methods. Because the major advantage of deep learning over conventional methods is its representation ability, which is able to produce highly abstract embedding features from …
A text-independent speaker recognition system relies on successfully encoding speech factors such as vocal pitch, intensity, and timbre to achieve good performance. A majority of such systems are trained and evaluated using spoken voice or everyday conversational voice data. Spoken voice, however, exhibits a limited range of possible speaker dynamics, thus constraining the utility of the derived speaker recognition models. Singing voice, on the other hand, covers a broader range of vocal and ambient factors and can, therefore, be used to evaluate the robustness of a speaker recognition system.…
In recent years, Text-To-Speech (TTS) has been used as a data augmentation technique for speech recognition to help complement inadequacies in the training data. Correspondingly, we investigate the use of a multi-speaker TTS system to synthesize speech in support of speaker recognition. In this study we focus the analysis on tasks where a relatively small number of speakers is available for training. We observe on our datasets that TTS synthesized speech improves cross-domain speaker recognition performance and can be combined effectively with multi-style training. Additionally, we explore the…
This paper summarises the findings from the VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge 2022 (VoxSRC-22), which was held in conjunction with INTERSPEECH 2022. The goal of this challenge was to evaluate how well state-of-the-art speaker recognition systems can diarise and recognise speakers from speech obtained "in the wild". The challenge consisted of: (i) the provision of publicly available speaker recognition and diarisation data from YouTube videos together with ground truth annotation and standardised evaluation software; and (ii) a public challenge and hybrid workshop held at INTERSPEECH 2022.…
Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) task has known significant improvements over the last years with the advent of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, even the most successful methods are still rather failing when adaptation to specific speakers and scenarios is needed, inevitably leading to poorer performances when compared to humans. In this paper, we present novel work based on the idea of teaching the emotion recognition network about speaker identity. Our system is a combination of two ACRNN classifiers respectively dedicated to speaker and emotion recognition. The first informs the latter…
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Naver Corporation（Naver公司）；SRI International（斯坦福国际研究院）；MIT Lincoln Laboratory（麻省理工学院林肯实验室）
The VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge 2019 aimed to assess how well current speaker recognition technology is able to identify speakers in unconstrained or `in the wild' data. It consisted of: (i) a publicly available speaker recognition dataset from YouTube videos together with ground truth annotation and standardised evaluation software; and (ii) a public challenge and workshop held at Interspeech 2019 in Graz, Austria. This paper outlines the challenge and provides its baselines, results and discussions.
Institute for Natural Language Processing (IMS), University of Stuttgart（斯图加特大学自然语言处理研究所（IMS））
This paper presents our latest investigation on end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) for overlapped speech. We propose to train an end-to-end system conditioned on speaker embeddings and further improved by transfer learning from clean speech. This proposed framework does not require any parallel non-overlapped speech materials and is independent of the number of speakers. Our experimental results on overlapped speech datasets show that joint conditioning on speaker embeddings and transfer learning significantly improves the ASR performance.
In this report, we describe the submission of ShaneRun's team to the VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge (VoxSRC) 2020. We use ResNet-34 as encoder to extract the speaker embeddings, which is referenced from the open-source voxceleb-trainer. We also provide a simple method to implement optimum fusion using t-SNE normalized distance of testing utterance pairs instead of original negative Euclidean distance from the encoder. The final submitted system got 0.3098 minDCF and 5.076 % ERR for Fixed data track, which outperformed the baseline by 1.3 % minDCF and 2.2 % ERR respectively.
Automated speaker recognition uses data processing to identify speakers by their voice. Today, automated speaker recognition is deployed on billions of smart devices and in services such as call centres. Despite their wide-scale deployment and known sources of bias in related domains like face recognition and natural language processing, bias in automated speaker recognition has not been studied systematically. We present an in-depth empirical and analytical study of bias in the machine learning development workflow of speaker verification, a voice biometric and core task in automated speaker …
In this work, we explore the dependencies between speaker recognition and emotion recognition. We first show that knowledge learned for speaker recognition can be reused for emotion recognition through transfer learning. Then, we show the effect of emotion on speaker recognition. For emotion recognition, we show that using a simple linear model is enough to obtain good performance on the features extracted from pre-trained models such as the x-vector model. Then, we improve emotion recognition performance by fine-tuning for emotion classification. We evaluated our experiments on three differen…
This paper describes the submission to the speaker diarization track of VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge 2021 done by North America Bixby Lab of Samsung Research America. Our speaker diarization system consists of four main components such as overlap speech detection and speech separation, robust speaker embedding extraction, spectral clustering with fused affinity matrix, and leakage filtering-based postprocessing. We evaluated our system on the VoxConverse dataset and the challenge evaluation set, which contain natural conversations of multiple talkers collected from YouTube. Our syste…
We propose SpeakerNet - a new neural architecture for speaker recognition and speaker verification tasks. It is composed of residual blocks with 1D depth-wise separable convolutions, batch-normalization, and ReLU layers. This architecture uses x-vector based statistics pooling layer to map variable-length utterances to a fixed-length embedding (q-vector). SpeakerNet-M is a simple lightweight model with just 5M parameters. It doesn't use voice activity detection (VAD) and achieves close to state-of-the-art performance scoring an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 2.10% on the VoxCeleb1 cleaned and 2.29%…
Todays interactive devices such as smart-phone assistants and smart speakers often deal with short-duration speech segments. As a result, speaker recognition systems integrated into such devices will be much better suited with models capable of performing the recognition task with short-duration utterances. In this paper, a new deep neural network, UtterIdNet, capable of performing speaker recognition with short speech segments is proposed. Our proposed model utilizes a novel architecture that makes it suitable for short-segment speaker recognition through an efficiently increased use of infor…
In this report, we discribe the submission of Tongji University undergraduate team to the CLOSE track of the VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge (VoxSRC) 2020 at Interspeech 2020. We applied the RSBU-CW module to the ResNet34 framework to improve the denoising ability of the network and better complete the speaker verification task in a complex environment.We trained two variants of ResNet,used score fusion and data-augmentation methods to improve the performance of the model. Our fusion of two selected systems for the CLOSE track achieves 0.2973 DCF and 4.9700\% EER on the challenge evalua…
In this paper, we present the system submission for the VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge 2020 (VoxSRC-20) by the DKU-DukeECE team. For track 1, we explore various kinds of state-of-the-art front-end extractors with different pooling layers and objective loss functions. For track 3, we employ an iterative framework for self-supervised speaker representation learning based on a deep neural network (DNN). For track 4, we investigate the whole system pipeline for speaker diarization, including voice activity detection (VAD), uniform segmentation, speaker embedding extraction, and clustering.
University of Southern California (USC)（南加州大学）；USC Information Sciences Institute（南加州大学信息科学学院）
Robust speaker recognition, including in the presence of malicious attacks, is becoming increasingly important and essential, especially due to the proliferation of several smart speakers and personal agents that interact with an individual's voice commands to perform diverse, and even sensitive tasks. Adversarial attack is a recently revived domain which is shown to be effective in breaking deep neural network-based classifiers, specifically, by forcing them to change their posterior distribution by only perturbing the input samples by a very small amount. Although, significant progress in th…
We describe the Phonexia submission for the VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge 2021 (VoxSRC-21) in the unsupervised speaker verification track. Our solution was very similar to IDLab's winning submission for VoxSRC-20. An embedding extractor was bootstrapped using momentum contrastive learning, with input augmentations as the only source of supervision. This was followed by several iterations of clustering to assign pseudo-speaker labels that were then used for supervised embedding extractor training. Finally, a score fusion was done, by averaging the zt-normalized cosine scores of five di…
We propose an end-to-end speaker-attributed automatic speech recognition model that unifies speaker counting, speech recognition, and speaker identification on monaural overlapped speech. Our model is built on serialized output training (SOT) with attention-based encoder-decoder, a recently proposed method for recognizing overlapped speech comprising an arbitrary number of speakers. We extend SOT by introducing a speaker inventory as an auxiliary input to produce speaker labels as well as multi-speaker transcriptions. All model parameters are optimized by speaker-attributed maximum mutual info…
Audio-visual speaker recognition is one of the tasks in the recent 2019 NIST speaker recognition evaluation (SRE). Studies in neuroscience and computer science all point to the fact that vision and auditory neural signals interact in the cognitive process. This motivated us to study a cross-modal network, namely voice-face discriminative network (VFNet) that establishes the general relation between human voice and face. Experiments show that VFNet provides additional speaker discriminative information. With VFNet, we achieve 16.54% equal error rate relative reduction over the score level fusio…
Speech recognition (ASR) and speaker diarization (SD) models have traditionally been trained separately to produce rich conversation transcripts with speaker labels. Recent advances have shown that joint ASR and SD models can learn to leverage audio-lexical inter-dependencies to improve word diarization performance. We introduce a new benchmark of hour-long podcasts collected from the weekly This American Life radio program to better compare these approaches when applied to extended multi-speaker conversations. We find that training separate ASR and SD models perform better when utterance boun…
Speaker recognition is increasingly used in several everyday applications including smart speakers, customer care centers and other speech-driven analytics. It is crucial to accurately evaluate and mitigate biases present in machine learning (ML) based speech technologies, such as speaker recognition, to ensure their inclusive adoption. ML fairness studies with respect to various demographic factors in modern speaker recognition systems are lagging compared to other human-centered applications such as face recognition. Existing studies on fairness in speaker recognition systems are largely lim…
Recent advances in unsupervised speech representation learning discover new approaches and provide new state-of-the-art for diverse types of speech processing tasks. This paper presents an investigation of using wav2vec 2.0 deep speech representations for the speaker recognition task. The proposed fine-tuning procedure of wav2vec 2.0 with simple TDNN and statistic pooling back-end using additive angular margin loss allows to obtain deep speaker embedding extractor that is well-generalized across different domains. It is concluded that Contrastive Predictive Coding pretraining scheme efficientl…
Budapest University of Technology and Economics（布达佩斯技术与经济大学）
This paper summarizes the applied deep learning practices in the field of speaker recognition, both verification and identification. Speaker recognition has been a widely used field topic of speech technology. Many research works have been carried out and little progress has been achieved in the past 5-6 years. However, as deep learning techniques do advance in most machine learning fields, the former state-of-the-art methods are getting replaced by them in speaker recognition too. It seems that DL becomes the now state-of-the-art solution for both speaker verification and identification. The …
Escola Universitària Politècnica de Mataró（马塔罗理工学院）；Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）
This paper presents an exhaustive study about the robustness of several parameterizations, in speaker verification and identification tasks. We have studied several mismatch conditions: different recording sessions, microphones, and different languages (it has been obtained from a bilingual set of speakers). This study reveals that the combination of several parameterizations can improve the robustness in all the scenarios for both tasks, identification and verification. In addition, two different methods have been evaluated: vector quantization, and covariance matrices with an arithmetic-harm…
The audio data is increasing day by day throughout the globe with the increase of telephonic conversations, video conferences and voice messages. This research provides a mechanism for identifying a speaker in an audio file, based on the human voice biometric features like pitch, amplitude, frequency etc. We proposed an unsupervised learning model where the model can learn speech representation with limited dataset. Librispeech dataset was used in this research and we were able to achieve word error rate of 1.8.
Duke Kunshan University（昆山杜克大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）
In this paper, we explore the encoding/pooling layer and loss function in the end-to-end speaker and language recognition system. First, a unified and interpretable end-to-end system for both speaker and language recognition is developed. It accepts variable-length input and produces an utterance level result. In the end-to-end system, the encoding layer plays a role in aggregating the variable-length input sequence into an utterance level representation. Besides the basic temporal average pooling, we introduce a self-attentive pooling layer and a learnable dictionary encoding layer to get the…
University of Texas at Dallas（德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校）；Erik Jonsson School of Engineering（埃里克·琼森工程学院）；Center for Robust Speech Systems (CRSS)（鲁棒语音系统中心（CRSS））
This study addresses the problem of single-channel Automatic Speech Recognition of a target speaker within an overlap speech scenario. In the proposed method, the hidden representations in the acoustic model are modulated by speaker auxiliary information to recognize only the desired speaker. Affine transformation layers are inserted into the acoustic model network to integrate speaker information with the acoustic features. The speaker conditioning process allows the acoustic model to perform computation in the context of target-speaker auxiliary information. The proposed speaker conditioning…
University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Vector Institute（向量研究所）；St Michaels Hospital（圣迈克尔医院）；Surgical Safety Technologies Inc（手术安全技术公司）；Hospital for Sick Children（病童医院）
Speaker embedding models that utilize neural networks to map utterances to a space where distances reflect similarity between speakers have driven recent progress in the speaker recognition task. However, there is still a significant performance gap between recognizing speakers in the training set and unseen speakers. The latter case corresponds to the few-shot learning task, where a trained model is evaluated on unseen classes. Here, we optimize a speaker embedding model with prototypical network loss (PNL), a state-of-the-art approach for the few-shot image classification task. The resulting…
Escola Universitària Politècnica de Mataró, UPC（马塔罗理工大学学院，加泰罗尼亚理工大学）；Universitat de VIC（维克大学）
In this paper we propose the inversion of nonlinear distortions in order to improve the recognition rates of a speaker recognizer system. We study the effect of saturations on the test signals, trying to take into account real situations where the training material has been recorded in a controlled situation but the testing signals present some mismatch with the input signal level (saturations). The experimental results shows that a combination of data fusion with and without nonlinear distortion compensation can improve the recognition rates with saturated test sentences from 80% to 88.57%, w…
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Naver Corporation（Naver公司）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
The goal of this work is to train robust speaker recognition models without speaker labels. Recent works on unsupervised speaker representations are based on contrastive learning in which they encourage within-utterance embeddings to be similar and across-utterance embeddings to be dissimilar. However, since the within-utterance segments share the same acoustic characteristics, it is difficult to separate the speaker information from the channel information. To this end, we propose augmentation adversarial training strategy that trains the network to be discriminative for the speaker informati…
Escola Universitaria Politècnica de Mataró（马塔罗理工大学学院）；TALP research center（TALP研究中心）
Recent advances in speech technologies have produced new tools that can be used to improve the performance and flexibility of speaker recognition While there are few degrees of freedom or alternative methods when using fingerprint or iris identification techniques, speech offers much more flexibility and different levels for performing recognition: the system can force the user to speak in a particular manner, different for each attempt to enter. Also with voice input the system has other degrees of freedom, such as the use of knowledge/codes that only the user knows, or dialectical/semantical…
Research in speaker recognition has recently seen significant progress due to the application of neural network models and the availability of new large-scale datasets. There has been a plethora of work in search for more powerful architectures or loss functions suitable for the task, but these works do not consider what information is learnt by the models, apart from being able to predict the given labels. In this work, we introduce an environment adversarial training framework in which the network can effectively learn speaker-discriminative and environment-invariant embeddings without expli…
Bangladesh University of Business & Technology（孟加拉国商业与技术大学）；King Abdulaziz University（阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学）；University of Asia Pacific（亚太大学）；University of Aizu（会津大学）
Speaker recognition deals with recognizing speakers by their speech. Most speaker recognition systems are built upon two stages, the first stage extracts low dimensional correlation embeddings from speech, and the second performs the classification task. The robustness of a speaker recognition system mainly depends on the extraction process of speech embeddings, which are primarily pre-trained on a large-scale dataset. As the embedding systems are pre-trained, the performance of speaker recognition models greatly depends on domain adaptation policy, which may reduce if trained using inadequate…
This report describes the submission system of the GIST-AiTeR team at the 2022 VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge (VoxSRC) Track 4. Our system mainly includes speech enhancement, voice activity detection , multi-scaled speaker embedding, probabilistic linear discriminant analysis-based speaker clustering, and overlapped speech detection models. We first construct four different diarization systems according to different model combinations with the best experimental efforts. Our final submission is an ensemble system of all the four systems and achieves a diarization error rate of 5.12% on …
The objective of this paper is 'open-set' speaker recognition of unseen speakers, where ideal embeddings should be able to condense information into a compact utterance-level representation that has small intra-speaker and large inter-speaker distance. A popular belief in speaker recognition is that networks trained with classification objectives outperform metric learning methods. In this paper, we present an extensive evaluation of most popular loss functions for speaker recognition on the VoxCeleb dataset. We demonstrate that the vanilla triplet loss shows competitive performance compared t…
The VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge (VoxSRC) at Interspeech 2020 offers a challenging evaluation for speaker recognition systems, which includes celebrities playing different parts in movies. The goal of this work is robust speaker recognition of utterances recorded in these challenging environments. We utilise variants of the popular ResNet architecture for speaker recognition and perform extensive experiments using a range of loss functions and training parameters. To this end, we optimise an efficient training framework that allows powerful models to be trained with limited time and …
In self-supervised learning for speaker recognition, pseudo labels are useful as the supervision signals. It is a known fact that a speaker recognition model doesn't always benefit from pseudo labels due to their unreliability. In this work, we observe that a speaker recognition network tends to model the data with reliable labels faster than those with unreliable labels. This motivates us to study a loss-gated learning (LGL) strategy, which extracts the reliable labels through the fitting ability of the neural network during training. With the proposed LGL, our speaker recognition model obtai…
This paper focuses on multi-enrollment speaker recognition which naturally occurs in the task of online speaker clustering, and studies the properties of different scoring back-ends in this scenario. First, we show that popular cosine scoring suffers from poor score calibration with a varying number of enrollment utterances. Second, we propose a simple replacement for cosine scoring based on an extremely constrained version of probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA). The proposed model improves over the cosine scoring for multi-enrollment recognition while keeping the same performanc…
