Facial sketches drawn by artists are widely used for visual identification applications and mostly by law enforcement agencies, but the quality of these sketches depend on the ability of the artist to clearly replicate all the key facial features that could aid in capturing the true identity of a subject. Recent works have attempted to synthesize these sketches into plausible visual images to improve visual recognition and identification. However, synthesizing photo-realistic images from sketches proves to be an even more challenging task, especially for sensitive applications such as suspect identification. In this work, we propose a novel approach that adopts a generative adversarial network that synthesizes a single sketch into multiple synthetic images with unique attributes like hair color, sex, etc. We incorporate a hybrid discriminator which performs attribute classification of multiple target attributes, a quality guided encoder that minimizes the perceptual dissimilarity of the latent space embedding of the synthesized and real image at different layers in the network and an identity preserving network that maintains the identity of the synthesised image throughout the training process. Our approach is aimed at improving the visual appeal of the synthesised images while incorporating multiple attribute assignment to the generator without compromising the identity of the synthesised image. We synthesised sketches using XDOG filter for the CelebA, WVU Multi-modal and CelebA-HQ datasets and from an auxiliary generator trained on sketches from CUHK, IIT-D and FERET datasets. Our results are impressive compared to current state of the art.
We propose a method for scene-level sketch-to-photo synthesis with text guidance. Although object-level sketch-to-photo synthesis has been widely studied, whole-scene synthesis is still challenging without reference photos that adequately reflect the target style. To this end, we leverage knowledge from recent large-scale pre-trained generative models, resulting in text-guided sketch-to-photo synthesis without the need for reference images. To train our model, we use self-supervised learning from a set of photographs. Specifically, we use a pre-trained edge detector that maps both color and sk…
Recovering Partially Corrupted Objects via Sketch-Guided Bidirectional Feature Interaction
School of Electrical and Data Engineering（电气与数据工程学院）；Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute（澳大利亚人工智能研究所）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；School of Computer Science and Information Engineering（计算机科学与信息工程学院）；Hefei University of Technology（合肥工业大学）
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Microsoft Research Asia（微软亚洲研究院）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）
We propose a novel framework to produce cartoon videos by fetching the color information from two input keyframes while following the animated motion guided by a user sketch. The key idea of the proposed approach is to estimate the dense cross-domain correspondence between the sketch and cartoon video frames, and employ a blending module with occlusion estimation to synthesize the middle frame guided by the sketch. After that, the input frames and the synthetic frame equipped with established correspondence are fed into an arbitrary-time frame interpolation pipeline to generate and refine addi…
Shenzhen University（深圳大学）；Guangzhou Medical University（广州医科大学）
Ultrasound (US) is widely accepted in clinic for anatomical structure inspection. However, lacking in resources to practice US scan, novices often struggle to learn the operation skills. Also, in the deep learning era, automated US image analysis is limited by the lack of annotated samples. Efficiently synthesizing realistic, editable and high resolution US images can solve the problems. The task is challenging and previous methods can only partially complete it. In this paper, we devise a new framework for US image synthesis. Particularly, we firstly adopt a sketch generative adversarial netw…
Synthesizing face images from monochrome sketches is one of the most fundamental tasks in the field of image-to-image translation. However, it is still challenging to (1)~make models learn the high-dimensional face features such as geometry and color, and (2)~take into account the characteristics of input sketches. Existing methods often use sketches as indirect inputs (or as auxiliary inputs) to guide the models, resulting in the loss of sketch features or the alteration of geometry information. In this paper, we introduce a Sketch-Guided Latent Diffusion Model (SGLDM), an LDM-based network a…
University of Trento（特伦托大学）；Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；EPFL（洛桑联邦理工学院）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Texas State University（得克萨斯州立大学）
Facial attributes are important since they provide a detailed description and determine the visual appearance of human faces. In this paper, we aim at converting a face image to a sketch while simultaneously generating facial attributes. To this end, we propose a novel Attribute-Guided Sketch Generative Adversarial Network (ASGAN) which is an end-to-end framework and contains two pairs of generators and discriminators, one of which is used to generate faces with attributes while the other one is employed for image-to-sketch translation. The two generators form a W-shaped network (W-net) and th…
Google Research（谷歌研究院）；Tel Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）
Text-to-Image models have introduced a remarkable leap in the evolution of machine learning, demonstrating high-quality synthesis of images from a given text-prompt. However, these powerful pretrained models still lack control handles that can guide spatial properties of the synthesized images. In this work, we introduce a universal approach to guide a pretrained text-to-image diffusion model, with a spatial map from another domain (e.g., sketch) during inference time. Unlike previous works, our method does not require to train a dedicated model or a specialized encoder for the task. Our key i…
Recovering badly damaged face images is a useful yet challenging task, especially in extreme cases where the masked or damaged region is very large. One of the major challenges is the ability of the system to generalize on faces outside the training dataset. We propose to tackle this extreme inpainting task with a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) that utilizes structural information, such as edges, as a prior condition. Edge information can be obtained from the partially masked image and a structurally similar image or a hand drawing. In our proposed conditional GAN, we pass th…
Subjective Camera 1.0: Bridging Human Cognition and Visual Reconstruction through Sequence-Aware Sketch-Guided Diffusion
National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, School of Computer Science, Wuhan University（国家多媒体软件工程研究中心，人工智能研究院，计算机科学学院，武汉大学）；Hubei Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Network Communication Engineering（湖北省多媒体与网络通信工程重点实验室）；Zhongguancun Academy, Beijing, China（中关村学院，北京，中国）；CyberAgent AI Lab, Japan（CyberAgent AI实验室，日本）
本文提出Subjective Camera 1.0框架，通过文本描述和逐步草图等主观读数，利用序列感知草图引导扩散模型重建真实场景，无需大规模配对训练数据，在图像质量与空间语义对齐上达到最先进水平。
University of Surrey（萨里大学）；iFlyTek-Surrey Joint Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence（科大讯飞-萨里人工智能联合研究中心）
Given an abstract, deformed, ordinary sketch from untrained amateurs like you and me, this paper turns it into a photorealistic image - just like those shown in Fig. 1(a), all non-cherry-picked. We differ significantly from prior art in that we do not dictate an edgemap-like sketch to start with, but aim to work with abstract free-hand human sketches. In doing so, we essentially democratise the sketch-to-photo pipeline, "picturing" a sketch regardless of how good you sketch. Our contribution at the outset is a decoupled encoder-decoder training paradigm, where the decoder is a StyleGAN trained…
Ultrasound (US) imaging is widely used for anatomical structure inspection in clinical diagnosis. The training of new sonographers and deep learning based algorithms for US image analysis usually requires a large amount of data. However, obtaining and labeling large-scale US imaging data are not easy tasks, especially for diseases with low incidence. Realistic US image synthesis can alleviate this problem to a great extent. In this paper, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN) based image synthesis framework. Our main contributions include: 1) we present the first work that can synt…
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey（罗格斯新泽西州立大学）
Synthesizing face sketches from real photos and its inverse have many applications. However, photo/sketch synthesis remains a challenging problem due to the fact that photo and sketch have different characteristics. In this work, we consider this task as an image-to-image translation problem and explore the recently popular generative models (GANs) to generate high-quality realistic photos from sketches and sketches from photos. Recent GAN-based methods have shown promising results on image-to-image translation problems and photo-to-sketch synthesis in particular, however, they are known to ha…
Face sketch-photo synthesis is a critical application in law enforcement and digital entertainment industry where the goal is to learn the mapping between a face sketch image and its corresponding photo-realistic image. However, the limited number of paired sketch-photo training data usually prevents the current frameworks to learn a robust mapping between the geometry of sketches and their matching photo-realistic images. Consequently, in this work, we present an approach for learning to synthesize a photo-realistic image from a face sketch in an unsupervised fashion. In contrast to current u…
Hangzhou Dianzi University（杭州电子科技大学）；Xidian University（西安电子科技大学）；Hefei University of Technology（合肥工业大学）；The University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
Face photo-sketch synthesis aims at generating a facial sketch/photo conditioned on a given photo/sketch. It is of wide applications including digital entertainment and law enforcement. Precisely depicting face photos/sketches remains challenging due to the restrictions on structural realism and textural consistency. While existing methods achieve compelling results, they mostly yield blurred effects and great deformation over various facial components, leading to the unrealistic feeling of synthesized images. To tackle this challenge, in this work, we propose to use the facial composition inf…
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University（清华大学深圳国际研究生院）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
Image generation has received increasing attention because of its wide application in security and entertainment. Sketch-based face generation brings more fun and better quality of image generation due to supervised interaction. However, when a sketch poorly aligned with the true face is given as input, existing supervised image-to-image translation methods often cannot generate acceptable photo-realistic face images. To address this problem, in this paper we propose Cali-Sketch, a human-like-sketch to photo-realistic-image generation method. Cali-Sketch explicitly models stroke calibration an…
Boston University（波士顿大学）；Google Research（谷歌研究院）；Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）
Recent conditional image generation methods produce images of remarkable diversity, fidelity and realism. However, the majority of these methods allow conditioning only on labels or text prompts, which limits their level of control over the generation result. In this paper, we introduce MaskSketch, an image generation method that allows spatial conditioning of the generation result using a guiding sketch as an extra conditioning signal during sampling. MaskSketch utilizes a pre-trained masked generative transformer, requiring no model training or paired supervision, and works with input sketch…
In this paper, we propose a novel method to learn face sketch synthesis models by using unpaired data. Our main idea is bridging the photo domain $\mathcal{X}$ and the sketch domain $Y$ by using the line-drawing domain $\mathcal{Z}$. Specially, we map both photos and sketches to line-drawings by using a neural style transfer method, i.e. $F: \mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y} \mapsto \mathcal{Z}$. Consequently, we obtain \textit{pseudo paired data} $(\mathcal{Z}, \mathcal{Y})$, and can learn the mapping $G:\mathcal{Z} \mapsto \mathcal{Y}$ in a supervised learning manner. In the inference stage, given a f…
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）
Face photo-sketch synthesis and recognition has many applications in digital entertainment and law enforcement. Recently, generative adversarial networks (GANs) based methods have significantly improved the quality of image synthesis, but they have not explicitly considered the purpose of recognition. In this paper, we first propose an Identity-Aware CycleGAN (IACycleGAN) model that applies a new perceptual loss to supervise the image generation network. It improves CycleGAN on photo-sketch synthesis by paying more attention to the synthesis of key facial regions, such as eyes and nose, which …
Translating face sketches to photo-realistic faces is an interesting and essential task in many applications like law enforcement and the digital entertainment industry. One of the most important challenges of this task is the inherent differences between the sketch and the real image such as the lack of color and details of the skin tissue in the sketch. With the advent of adversarial generative models, an increasing number of methods have been proposed for sketch-to-image synthesis. However, these models still suffer from limitations such as the large number of paired data required for train…
Biphasic Face Photo-Sketch Synthesis via Semantic-Driven Generative Adversarial Network with Graph Representation Learning
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；Shandong University of Science and Technology（山东科技大学）
City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）；Brion-ASML（布里昂阿斯麦公司）
Sketch-to-image (S2I) translation plays an important role in image synthesis and manipulation tasks, such as photo editing and colorization. Some specific S2I translation including sketch-to-photo and sketch-to-painting can be used as powerful tools in the art design industry. However, previous methods only support S2I translation with a single level of density, which gives less flexibility to users for controlling the input sketches. In this work, we propose the first multi-level density sketch-to-image translation framework, which allows the input sketch to cover a wide range from rough obje…
Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, NLPR, CASIA（中国科学院自动化研究所模式识别国家重点实验室智能感知与计算研究中心）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Meituandianping Group（美团点评集团）；Artificial Intelligence Research, CAS（中国科学院人工智能研究院）；Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS（中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心）
Face portrait editing has achieved great progress in recent years. However, previous methods either 1) operate on pre-defined face attributes, lacking the flexibility of controlling shapes of high-level semantic facial components (e.g., eyes, nose, mouth), or 2) take manually edited mask or sketch as an intermediate representation for observable changes, but such additional input usually requires extra efforts to obtain. To break the limitations (e.g. shape, mask or sketch) of the existing methods, we propose a novel framework termed r-FACE (Reference-guided FAce Component Editing) for diverse…
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Adobe Research（Adobe研究院）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）
Recently, there have been several promising methods to generate realistic imagery from deep convolutional networks. These methods sidestep the traditional computer graphics rendering pipeline and instead generate imagery at the pixel level by learning from large collections of photos (e.g. faces or bedrooms). However, these methods are of limited utility because it is difficult for a user to control what the network produces. In this paper, we propose a deep adversarial image synthesis architecture that is conditioned on sketched boundaries and sparse color strokes to generate realistic cars, …
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Tencent Youtu（腾讯优图）
In this paper we investigate image generation guided by hand sketch. When the input sketch is badly drawn, the output of common image-to-image translation follows the input edges due to the hard condition imposed by the translation process. Instead, we propose to use sketch as weak constraint, where the output edges do not necessarily follow the input edges. We address this problem using a novel joint image completion approach, where the sketch provides the image context for completing, or generating the output image. We train a generated adversarial network, i.e, contextual GAN to learn the j…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
In this paper, we explore the task of generating photo-realistic face images from hand-drawn sketches. Existing image-to-image translation methods require a large-scale dataset of paired sketches and images for supervision. They typically utilize synthesized edge maps of face images as training data. However, these synthesized edge maps strictly align with the edges of the corresponding face images, which limit their generalization ability to real hand-drawn sketches with vast stroke diversity. To address this problem, we propose DeepFacePencil, an effective tool that is able to generate photo…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Sketching is an intuitive and effective way for content creation. While significant progress has been made for photorealistic image generation by using generative adversarial networks, it remains challenging to take a fine-grained control on synthetic content. The instance normalization layer, which is widely adopted in existing image translation networks, washes away details in the input sketch and leads to loss of precise control on the desired shape of the generated face images. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the effect of instance normalization on generating photorealistic f…
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Argo AI（Argo AI（公司））
Synthesizing realistic images from human drawn sketches is a challenging problem in computer graphics and vision. Existing approaches either need exact edge maps, or rely on retrieval of existing photographs. In this work, we propose a novel Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) approach that synthesizes plausible images from 50 categories including motorcycles, horses and couches. We demonstrate a data augmentation technique for sketches which is fully automatic, and we show that the augmented data is helpful to our task. We introduce a new network building block suitable for both the generato…
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Chinese University of Hongkong, Shenzhen（香港中文大学（深圳））；Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data（深圳大数据研究院）
In this work, we propose TediGAN, a novel framework for multi-modal image generation and manipulation with textual descriptions. The proposed method consists of three components: StyleGAN inversion module, visual-linguistic similarity learning, and instance-level optimization. The inversion module maps real images to the latent space of a well-trained StyleGAN. The visual-linguistic similarity learns the text-image matching by mapping the image and text into a common embedding space. The instance-level optimization is for identity preservation in manipulation. Our model can produce diverse and…
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Adobe Research（奥多比研究院）；UC Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Argo AI（阿尔戈人工智能公司）
In this paper, we investigate deep image synthesis guided by sketch, color, and texture. Previous image synthesis methods can be controlled by sketch and color strokes but we are the first to examine texture control. We allow a user to place a texture patch on a sketch at arbitrary locations and scales to control the desired output texture. Our generative network learns to synthesize objects consistent with these texture suggestions. To achieve this, we develop a local texture loss in addition to adversarial and content loss to train the generative network. We conduct experiments using sketche…
Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University（清华大学深圳国际研究生院）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Chinese University of Hongkong, Shenzhen（香港中文大学（深圳））；Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data（深圳市大数据研究院）
The existing text-guided image synthesis methods can only produce limited quality results with at most \mbox{$\text{256}^2$} resolution and the textual instructions are constrained in a small Corpus. In this work, we propose a unified framework for both face image generation and manipulation that produces diverse and high-quality images with an unprecedented resolution at 1024 from multimodal inputs. More importantly, our method supports open-world scenarios, including both image and text, without any re-training, fine-tuning, or post-processing. To be specific, we propose a brand new paradigm…
Face sketches are able to capture the spatial topology of a face while lacking some facial attributes such as race, skin, or hair color. Existing sketch-photo recognition approaches have mostly ignored the importance of facial attributes. In this paper, we propose a new loss function, called attribute-centered loss, to train a Deep Coupled Convolutional Neural Network (DCCNN) for the facial attribute guided sketch to photo matching. Specifically, an attribute-centered loss is proposed which learns several distinct centers, in a shared embedding space, for photos and sketches with different com…
