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arXiv 2005.00939quant-phphysics.optics
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用于有效的微波-光转换的薄膜锂酸盐中的腔电光

Cavity electro-optics in thin-film lithium niobate for efficient microwave-to-optical transduction

Jeffrey Holzgrafe, Neil Sinclair, Di Zhu, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, Marco Colangelo, Yaowen Hu, Mian Zhang, Karl K. Berggren, Marko Lončar

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摘要：

通过微波-光量子换能器将超导量子器件连接到光纤可以实现大规模量子网络。对于这种应用，基于Pockels电光（EO）效应的换能器具有直接转换机制、高带宽和低噪声操作的潜力。然而，先前展示的EO换能器需要大的光泵浦功率来克服弱EO耦合并达到高效率。在这里，我们创建了一个EO传感器的薄膜锂的钛酸盐，利用低光损耗和强EO耦合在这个平台。我们证明了高达$2.7\times10^{-5}$的转导效率和$1.9\times10^{-6}/\mathrm{μW}$的泵浦功率归一化效率。通过进一步减少微波谐振器与声学模式的压电耦合，将光学谐振器的品质因数增加到先前证明的水平，以及改变电极几何形状以增强EO耦合，可以提高换能效率。我们期望随着进一步的发展，薄膜锂酸盐中的EO换能器可以在较低的光泵浦功率下实现接近1的效率。

英文摘要：

Linking superconducting quantum devices to optical fibers via microwave-optical quantum transducers may enable large scale quantum networks. For this application, transducers based on the Pockels electro-optic (EO) effect are promising for their direct conversion mechanism, high bandwidth, and potential for low-noise operation. However, previously demonstrated EO transducers require large optical pump power to overcome weak EO coupling and reach high efficiency. Here, we create an EO transducer in thin-film lithium niobate, leveraging the low optical loss and strong EO coupling in this platform. We demonstrate a transduction efficiency of up to $2.7\times10^{-5}$, and a pump-power normalized efficiency of $1.9\times10^{-6}/\mathrm{μW}$. The transduction efficiency can be improved by further reducing the microwave resonator's piezoelectric coupling to acoustic modes, increasing the optical resonator quality factor to previously demonstrated levels, and changing the electrode geometry for enhanced EO coupling. We expect that with further development, EO transducers in thin-film lithium niobate can achieve near-unity efficiency with low optical pump power.

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