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arXiv 2005.00476astro-ph.GAastro-ph.IM
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使用贝叶斯深度学习模型$-$使用IllustrisTNG的主要合并分类器Galaxy Merger比率高达z $\sim$ 3模拟数据

Galaxy Merger Rates up to z $\sim$ 3 using a Bayesian Deep Learning Model $-$ A Major-Merger classifier using IllustrisTNG Simulation data

Leonardo Ferreira, Christopher J. Conselice, Kenneth Duncan, Ting-Yun Cheng, Alex Griffiths, Amy Whitney

备注：
22 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
发表信息：
2020 ApJ 895 115
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摘要：

合并可能是星系形成的主要过程，但关于它在宇宙时间内的历史仍然存在争议。为了解决这个问题，我们对主要的合并进行了分类，并使用深度学习卷积神经网络（CNN）在所有五个CANDELS领域（UDS，EGS，GOODS-S，GOODS-N，COSMOS）中测量了z $\sim$ 3的星系合并率，这些网络使用来自IllustrisTNG宇宙学模拟的模拟星系进行了训练。所使用的深度学习架构是通过贝叶斯优化过程在可能的超参数范围内客观选择的。我们表明，我们的模型在对模拟中的合并进行分类时可以达到90%的准确率，并且具有将恒星质量坠落前的合并与合并后的合并分开的额外功能。我们比较了我们对CANDELS星系的机器学习分类，并与Kartaltepe等人（2015）的视觉合并分类进行了比较，并表明它们大致一致。最后，我们证明我们的模型是能够测量星系合并率，$\mathcal{R}$，这是一致的结果发现，使用密切对统计数据的CANDELS星系，与$\mathcal{R}(z) = 0.02 \pm 0.004 \times (1 +z) ^ {2.76 \pm 0.21}$。这是第一次在z < 3时使用对和结构测量的主要合并之间的一般一致性。

英文摘要：

Merging is potentially the dominate process in galaxy formation, yet there is still debate about its history over cosmic time. To address this we classify major mergers and measure galaxy merger rates up to z $\sim$ 3 in all five CANDELS fields (UDS, EGS, GOODS-S, GOODS-N, COSMOS) using deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained with simulated galaxies from the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulation. The deep learning architecture used is objectively selected by a Bayesian Optmization process over the range of possible hyperparameters. We show that our model can achieve 90% accuracy when classifying mergers from the simulation, and has the additional feature of separating mergers before the infall of stellar masses from post mergers. We compare our machine learning classifications on CANDELS galaxies and compare with visual merger classifications from Kartaltepe et al. (2015), and show that they are broadly consistent. We finish by demonstrating that our model is capable of measuring galaxy merger rates, $\mathcal{R}$, that are consistent with results found for CANDELS galaxies using close pairs statistics, with $\mathcal{R}(z) = 0.02 \pm 0.004 \times (1 +z) ^ {2.76 \pm 0.21}$. This is the first general agreement between major mergers measured using pairs and structure at z < 3.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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