arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2004.14708eess.SP
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高阶QAM星座设计与性能研究综述

A Survey on Design and Performance of Higher-Order QAM Constellations

Praveen Kumar Singya, Parvez Shaik, Nagendra Kumar, Vimal Bhatia, Mohamed-Slim Alouini

摘要:

随着对超5G的研究升温,我们详细调查和探索功率和带宽高效的调制方案。在现有出版物和各种通信标准中,最初考虑平方正交幅度调制(SQAM)星座(2的偶次幂)。然而,仅仅正方形星座对于变化的信道条件和速率要求是无效的,因此,引入了2星座的奇次幂。对于2星座的奇次幂,通常使用矩形QAM(RQAM)。然而,RQAM由于其较低的功率效率而不是好的选择,并且修改的交叉QAM(XQAM)星座是优选的,因为它由于其能量有效的二维(2D)结构而提供了优于RQAM的改进的功率效率。对高数据速率的日益增长的需求进一步鼓励了对更紧凑的2D星座的研究,这导致了基于六边形晶格结构的星座,被称为六边形QAM(HQAM)。在这项工作中,各种QAM星座进行了讨论,并详细研究了星型QAM,XQAM和HQAM星座。给出了不同星座阶数的星型QAM、XQAM和HQAM星座的产生、峰值和平均能量、峰均功率比、误符号率、判决边界、比特映射、格雷码惩罚和误比特率。最后,对各种QAM星座进行了比较研究,证明了HQAM优于其他QAM星座。由此,可以声称,在各种无线通信系统和标准中使用HQAM可以进一步提高针对超5G无线通信系统的性能。

英文摘要:

As the research on beyond 5G heats up, we survey and explore power and bandwidth efficient modulation schemes in details. In the existing publications and in various communication standards, initially square quadrature amplitude modulation (SQAM) constellations (even power of 2) were considered. However, only the square constellations are not efficient for varying channel conditions and rate requirements, and hence, odd power of 2 constellations were introduced. For odd power of 2 constellations, rectangular QAM (RQAM) is commonly used. However, RQAM is not a good choice due to its lower power efficiency, and a modified cross QAM (XQAM) constellation is preferred as it provides improved power efficiency over RQAM due to its energy efficient two dimensional (2D) structure. The increasing demand for high data-rates has further encouraged the research towards more compact 2D constellations which lead to hexagonal lattice structure based constellations, referred to as hexagonal QAM (HQAM). In this work, various QAM constellations are discussed and detailed study of star QAM, XQAM, and HQAM constellations is presented. Generation, peak and average energies, peak-to-average-power ratio, symbol-error-rate, decision boundaries, bit mapping, Gray code penalty, and bit-error-rate of star QAM, XQAM, and HQAM constellations with different constellation orders are presented. Finally, a comparative study of various QAM constellations is presented which justifies the supremacy of HQAM over other QAM constellations. With this, it can be claimed that the use of the HQAM in various wireless communication systems and standards can further improve the performance targeted for beyond 5G wireless communication systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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