We initiate the study of X-ray tomography on sub-Riemannian manifolds, for which the Heisenberg group exhibits the simplest nontrivial example. With the language of the group Fourier Transform, we prove an operator-valued incarnation of the Fourier Slice Theorem, and apply this new tool to show that a sufficiently regular function on the Heisenberg group is determined by its line integrals over sub-Riemannian geodesics. We also consider the family of taming metrics $g_ε$ approximating the sub-Riemannian metric, and show that the associated X-ray transform is injective for all $ε>0$. This result gives a concrete example of an injective X-ray transform in a geometry with an abundance of conjugate points.
For smooth compact connected manifolds with strictly convex boundary, no conjugate points and a hyperbolic trapped set, we prove an equivalence principle concerning the injectivity of the X-ray transform $I_m$ on symmetric solenoidal tensors and the surjectivity of an operator ${π_m}_*$ on the set of solenoidal tensors. This allows us to establish the injectivity of the X-ray transform on solenoidal tensors of any order in the case of a surface satisfying these assumptions.
We show injectivity of the X-ray transform and the $d$-plane Radon transform for distributions on the $n$-torus, lowering the regularity assumption in the recent work by Abouelaz and Rouvière. We also show solenoidal injectivity of the X-ray transform on the $n$-torus for tensor fields of any order, allowing the tensors to have distribution valued coefficients. These imply new injectivity results for the periodic broken ray transform on cubes of any dimension.
It is proved that if a Paley-Wiener family of eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator in $\mathbb R^3$ vanishes on a real analytically ruled two-dimensional surface $S \subset \mathbb R^3$ then $S$ is a union of cones, each of which is contained in a translate of the zero set of a nonzero harmonic homogeneous polynomial. If $S$ is an immersed $C^1-$ manifold then $S$ is a Coxeter system of planes. Full description of common nodal sets of the Laplace spectra of convexly supported distributions is given. In equivalent terms, the result describes ruled injectivity sets for the spherical mean trans…
Let (M,g) be an analytic, compact, Riemannian manifold with boundary, of dimension n >= 2. We study a class of generalized Radon transforms, integrating over a family of hypersurfaces embedded in M, satisfying the Bolker condition [23]. Using analytic microlocal analysis, we prove a microlocal regularity theorem for generalized Radon transforms on analytic manifolds defined on an analytic family of hypersurfaces. We then show injectivity and stability for an open, dense subset of smooth generalized Radon transforms satisfying the Bolker condition, including the analytic ones.
The basic setup consists of a complex flag manifold $Z=G/Q$ where $G$ is a complex semisimple Lie group and $Q$ is a parabolic subgroup, an open orbit $D = G_0(z) \subset Z$ where $G_0$ is a real form of $G$, and a $G_0$--homogeneous holomorphic vector bundle $\mathbb E \to D$. The topic here is the double fibration transform ${\cal P}: H^q(D;{\cal O}(\mathbb E)) \to H^0({\cal M}_D;{\cal O}(\mathbb E'))$ where $q$ is given by the geometry of $D$, ${\cal M}_D$ is the cycle space of $D$, and $\mathbb E' \to {\cal M}_D$ is a certain naturally derived holomorphic vector bundle. Schubert intersecti…
Non-abelian $X$-ray tomography seeks to recover a matrix potential $Φ:M\rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{m\times m}$ in a domain $M$ from measurements of its so called scattering data $C_Φ$ at $\partial M$. For $\dim M\ge 3$ (and under appropriate convexity and regularity conditions), injectivity of the forward map $Φ\mapsto C_Φ$ was established in [arXiv:1605.07894]. In this article we extend [arXiv:1605.07894] by proving a Hölder-type stability estimate. As an application we generalise a statistical consistency result for $\dim M =2$ [arXiv:1905.00860] to higher dimensions. The injectivity proof in [a…
We study the weighted integral transform on a compact manifold with boundary over a smooth family of curves $Γ$. We prove generic injectivity and a stability estimate under the condition that the conormal bundle of $Γ$ covers $T^*M$.
For Anosov flows preserving a smooth measure on a closed manifold $\mathcal{M}$, we define a natural self-adjoint operator $Π$ which maps into the space of invariant distributions in $\cap_{u<0} H^{u}(\mathcal{M})$ and whose kernel is made of coboundaries in $\cup_{s>0} H^{s}(\mathcal{M})$. We describe relations to Livsic theorem and recover regularity properties of cohomological equations using this operator. For Anosov geodesic flows on the unit tangent bundle $\mathcal{M}=SM$ of a compact manifold, we apply this theory to study questions related to $X$-ray transform on symmetric tensors on …
In this article, we study the properties of the geodesic X-ray transform for asymptotically Euclidean or conic Riemannian metrics and show injectivity under non-trapping and no conjugate point assumptions. We also define a notion of lens data for such metrics and study the associated inverse problem.
In this short paper we introduce a variant of the approach to inverting the X-ray transform that originated in the author's work with Uhlmann. The new method is based on semiclassical analysis and eliminates the need for using sufficiently small domains and layer stripping for obtaining the injectivity and stability results, assuming natural geometric conditions are satisfied.
We prove injectivity and a support theorem for the X-ray transform on $2$-step nilpotent Lie groups with many totally geodesic $2$-dimensional flats. The result follows from a general reduction principle for manifolds with uniformly escaping geodesics.
We prove two injectivity theorems for the geodesic ray transform on two-dimensional, complete, simply connected Riemannian manifolds with non-positive Gaussian curvature, also known as Cartan-Hadamard manifolds. The first theorem is concerned with bounded non-positive curvature and the second with decaying non-positive curvature.
We consider the boundary rigidity problem for asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. We show injectivity of the X-ray transform in several cases and consider the non-linear inverse problem which consists of recovering a metric from boundary measurements for the geodesic flow.
This paper settles the question of injectivity of the non-Abelian X-ray transform on simple surfaces for the general linear group of invertible complex matrices. The main idea is to use a factorization theorem for Loop Groups to reduce to the setting of the unitary group, where energy methods and scalar holomorphic integrating factors can be used. We also show that our main theorem extends to cover the case of an arbitrary Lie group.
We prove local injectivity near a boundary point for the geodesic X-ray transform for an asymptotically hyperbolic metric even mod $O(ρ^5)$ in dimensions three and higher.
We establish an equivalence principle between the solenoidal injectivity of the geodesic ray transform acting on symmetric $m$-tensors and the existence of invariant distributions or smooth first integrals with prescribed projection over the set of solenoidal $m$-tensors. We work with compact simple manifolds, but several of our results apply to non-trapping manifolds with strictly convex boundary.
We study the broken non-abelian X-ray transform in Minkowski space. This transform acts on the space of Hermitian connections on a causal diamond and is known to be injective up to an infinite-dimensional gauge. We show a stability estimate that takes into account the gauge, leading to a new proof of the transform's injectivity. Our proof leads us to consider a special type of connections that we call light-sink connections. We then show that we can consistently recover a light-sink connection from noisy measurement of its X-ray transform data through Bayesian inversion.
In this paper we consider the Gaussian thermostat ray transform on both closed Riemannian surfaces and compact Riemannian surfaces with boundary. We establish certain results on the injectivity of the thermostat ray transform and the surjectivity of its adjoint.
We derive reconstruction formulas for a family of geodesic ray transforms with connection, defined on simple Riemannian surfaces. Such formulas provide injectivity of such all transforms in a neighbourhood of constant curvature metrics and non-unitary connections with curvature close to zero. If certain Fredholm equations are injective in the absence of connection, then for any smooth enough connection multiplied by a complex parameter, the corresponding transform is injective for all values of that parameter outside a discrete set. Range characterizations are also provided, as well as numeric…
We show injectivity of the geodesic X-ray transform on piecewise constant functions when the transform is weighted by a continuous matrix weight. The manifold is assumed to be compact and nontrapping of any dimension, and in dimension three and higher we assume a foliation condition. We make no assumption regarding conjugate points or differentiability of the weight. This extends recent results for unweighted transforms.
We reduce the broken ray transform on some Riemannian manifolds (with corners) to the geodesic ray transform on another manifold, which is obtained from the original one by reflection. We give examples of this idea and present injectivity results for the broken ray transform using corresponding earlier results for the geodesic ray transform. Examples of manifolds where the broken ray transform is injective include Euclidean cones and parts of the spheres $S^n$. In addition, we introduce the periodic broken ray transform and use the reflection argument to produce examples of manifolds where it …
Given a real-valued function defined on the Heisenberg group, we provide a definition of abstract convexity and Fenchel transform that takes into account the sub-Riemannian structure of the group. In our main result, we prove that, likewise the Euclidean case, a convex function can be characterized via its iterated Fenchel transform; the properties of the H-subdifferential play a crucial role.
We reduce boundary determination of an unknown function and its normal derivatives from the (possibly weighted and attenuated) broken ray data to the injectivity of certain geodesic ray transforms on the boundary. For determination of the values of the function itself we obtain the usual geodesic ray transform, but for derivatives this transform has to be weighted by powers of the second fundamental form. The problem studied here is related to Calderón's problem with partial data.
We show that the geodesic ray transform is injective on scalar functions on spherically symmetric reversible Finsler manifolds where the Finsler norm satisfies a Herglotz condition. We use angular Fourier series to reduce the injectivity problem to the invertibility of generalized Abel transforms and by Taylor expansions of geodesics we show that these Abel transforms are injective. Our result has applications in linearized boundary rigidity problem on Finsler manifolds and especially in linearized elastic travel time tomography.
We study ray transforms on spherically symmetric manifolds with a piecewise $C^{1,1}$ metric. Assuming the Herglotz condition, the X-ray transform is injective on the space of $L^2$ functions on such manifolds. We also prove injectivity results for broken ray transforms (with and without periodicity) on such manifolds with a $C^{1,1}$ metric. To make these problems tractable in low regularity, we introduce and study a class of generalized Abel transforms and study their properties. This low regularity setting is relevant for geophysical applications.
We consider the mixed ray transform of tensor fields on a three-dimensional compact simple Riemannian manifold with boundary. We prove the injectivity of the transform, up to natural obstructions, and establish stability estimates for the normal operator on generic three dimensional simple manifold in the case of 1+1 and 2+2 tensors fields. We show how the anisotropic perturbations of averaged isotopic travel-times of qS-polarized elastic waves provide partial information about the mixed ray transform of 2+2 tensors fields. If in addition we include the measurement of the shear wave amplitude,…
If $G$ is a finite group, is a function $f:G\to\mathbb C$ determined by its sums over all cosets of cyclic subgroups of $G$? In other words, is the Radon transform on $G$ injective? This inverse problem is a discrete analogue of asking whether a function on a compact Lie group is determined by its integrals over all geodesics. We discuss what makes this new discrete inverse problem analogous to well-studied inverse problems on manifolds and we also present some alternative definitions. We use representation theory to prove that the Radon transform fails to be injective precisely on Frobenius c…
We prove that if $τ$ is a large positive number, then the atomic Goldberg-type space $\mathfrak{h}^1(N)$ and the space $\mathfrak{h}_{\mathcal R_τ}^1(N)$ of all integrable functions on $N$ whose local Riesz transform $\mathcal R_τ$ is integrable are the same space on any complete noncompact Riemannian manifold $N$ with Ricci curvature bounded from below and positive injectivity radius. We also relate $\mathfrak{h}^1(N)$ to a space of harmonic functions on the slice $N\times (0,δ)$ for $δ>0$ small enough.
Assume (M,g,Ω) is a closed, oriented Riemannian surface equipped with an Anosov magnetic flow. We establish certain results on the surjectivity of the adjoint of the magnetic ray transform, and use these to prove the injectivity of the magnetic ray transform on sums of tensors of degree at most two. In the final section of the paper we give an application to the entropy production of magnetic flows perturbed by symmetric 2-tensors.
