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arXiv 2004.14230cs.LGstat.ML
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分数范数和拟范数无助于克服维数灾难

Fractional norms and quasinorms do not help to overcome the curse of dimensionality

University of Leicester(莱斯特大学);Lobachevsky State University(罗巴切夫斯基国立大学);Taibah University(塔伊巴大学)

Evgeny M. Mirkes, Jeza Allohibi, Alexander N. Gorban

摘要:

维数灾难导致了机器学习方法中众所周知的和广泛讨论的问题。有一个假设,使用曼哈顿距离甚至分数拟范数lp(p小于1)可以帮助克服分类问题中的维数灾难。在本研究中,我们系统地检验了这一假设。我们确认,分数拟范数有一个更大的相对对比度或变异系数比欧几里德规范L2,但我们也表明,距离浓度定性显示相同的行为,所有测试的规范和拟范数和它们之间的差异衰减的尺寸趋于无穷大。基于不同范数和拟范数的kNN分类质量估计表明,较大的相对对比度并不意味着更好的分类器性能,并且不同数据库的最差性能由不同范数(拟范数)显示。一个系统的比较表明,在p=2,1和0.5的情况下,基于lp的kNN的性能差异在统计学上是不显著的。

英文摘要:

The curse of dimensionality causes the well-known and widely discussed problems for machine learning methods. There is a hypothesis that using of the Manhattan distance and even fractional quasinorms lp (for p less than 1) can help to overcome the curse of dimensionality in classification problems. In this study, we systematically test this hypothesis. We confirm that fractional quasinorms have a greater relative contrast or coefficient of variation than the Euclidean norm l2, but we also demonstrate that the distance concentration shows qualitatively the same behaviour for all tested norms and quasinorms and the difference between them decays as dimension tends to infinity. Estimation of classification quality for kNN based on different norms and quasinorms shows that a greater relative contrast does not mean better classifier performance and the worst performance for different databases was shown by different norms (quasinorms). A systematic comparison shows that the difference of the performance of kNN based on lp for p=2, 1, and 0.5 is statistically insignificant.

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