解码SARS-CoV-2在COVID-19诊断、疫苗和药物上的传播、进化和衍生
Decoding SARS-CoV-2 transmission, evolution and ramification on COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccine, and medicine
摘要：
针对由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的诊断测试、预防疫苗和治疗药物的开发已经付出了巨大的努力。这一发展大部分基于2020年1月5日收集的参考基因组。基于截至2020年4月24日收集的6156个基因组样本的基因分型，我们报告了SARS-CoV-2有4459个惊人的突变，可以聚类为五种亚型。我们引入突变率和突变$h$ -指数来表征蛋白质的保守性，发现SARS-CoV-2的包膜蛋白、主要蛋白酶和核糖核酸内切酶蛋白相对保守，而核衣壳蛋白、刺突蛋白和木瓜蛋白酶样蛋白酶相对不保守。特别是，在过去的几个月里，核衣壳蛋白有一半以上的基因发生了变化，这对COVID-19诊断、疫苗和药物的持续发展产生了毁灭性的影响。
英文摘要：
Tremendous effort has been given to the development of diagnostic tests, preventive vaccines, and therapeutic medicines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Much of this development has been based on the reference genome collected on January 5, 2020. Based on the genotyping of 6156 genome samples collected up to April 24, 2020, we report that SARS-CoV-2 has had 4459 alarmingly mutations which can be clustered into five subtypes. We introduce mutation ratio and mutation $h$-index to characterize the protein conservativeness and unveil that SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein, main protease, and endoribonuclease protein are relatively conservative, while SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, and papain-like protease are relatively non-conservative. In particular, the nucleocapsid protein has more than half its genes changed in the past few months, signaling devastating impacts on the ongoing development of COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccines, and drugs.
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