Gbar压力下的碳电离：天体物理学高密度等离子体的从头算透视
Carbon ionization at Gbar pressures: an ab initio perspective on astrophysical high-density plasmas
摘要：
极端热力学状态下部分电离物质的真实描述对于模拟高密度天体的内部和演化至关重要。目前对其基本性质电离度的预测，广泛依赖于最近受到一系列实验挑战的分析近似。在这里，我们提出了一种新的从头计算方法来计算电离度直接从动态电导率，使用的Escheras-Reiche-Kuhn求和规则。这个密度泛函理论框架真正捕捉到了凝聚态物质的本质和强相关等离子体的典型量子效应。我们展示了碳和碳氢化合物的这种新能力，它们最显着地用作惯性约束聚变实验中的烧蚀材料，旨在重现恒星条件。我们发现一个显着更高的碳电离度比常用的模型预测，但验证了平均原子模型Purgatorio的定性行为。此外，我们发现碳的电离态在完全电离的氢的环境中保持不变。我们的研究结果不仅可以作为传统模型的基准，更重要的是提供了一个实验上可以获得的电导率形式的量。
英文摘要：
A realistic description of partially-ionized matter in extreme thermodynamic states is critical to model the interior and evolution of the multiplicity of high-density astrophysical objects. Current predictions of its essential property, the ionization degree, rely widely on analytical approximations that have been challenged recently by a series of experiments. Here, we propose a novel ab initio approach to calculate the ionization degree directly from the dynamic electrical conductivity using the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule. This Density Functional Theory framework captures genuinely the condensed matter nature and quantum effects typical for strongly-correlated plasmas. We demonstrate this new capability for carbon and hydrocarbon, which most notably serve as ablator materials in inertial confinement fusion experiments aiming at recreating stellar conditions. We find a significantly higher carbon ionization degree than predicted by commonly used models, yet validating the qualitative behavior of the average atom model Purgatorio. Additionally, we find the carbon ionization state to remain unchanged in the environment of fully-ionized hydrogen. Our results will not only serve as benchmark for traditional models, but more importantly provide an experimentally accessible quantity in the form of the electrical conductivity.
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