The GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample: II. Host-galaxy identification for individual sources
Sarah V. White, Thomas M. O. Franzen, Chris J. Riseley, O. Ivy Wong, Anna D. Kapińska, Natasha Hurley-Walker, Joseph R. Callingham, Kshitij Thorat, Chen Wu, Pau… 展开作者
Sarah V. White, Thomas M. O. Franzen, Chris J. Riseley, O. Ivy Wong, Anna D. Kapińska, Natasha Hurley-Walker, Joseph R. Callingham, Kshitij Thorat, Chen Wu, Paul Hancock, Richard W. Hunstead, Nick Seymour, Jesse Swan, Randall Wayth, John Morgan, Rajan Chhetri, Carole Jackson, Stuart Weston, Martin Bell, B. M. Gaensler, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, André Offringa, Lister Staveley-Smith
备注：
37 pages (24 MB in size), 23 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in PASA, and now updated to match the final proof. Full-resolution images will be used for the published version, available through the journal
The entire southern sky (Declination, $δ<$ 30 deg) has been observed using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), which provides radio imaging of $\sim$2-arcmin resolution at low frequencies (72-231 MHz). This is the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA (GLEAM) Survey, and we have previously used a combination of visual inspection, cross-checks against the literature, and internal matching to identify the 'brightest' radio-sources ($S_{\mathrm{151MHz}} >$ 4 Jy) in the extragalactic catalogue (Galactic latitude, $|b| >$ 10 deg). We refer to these 1,863 sources as the GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample, and use radio images (of $\leq$ 45-arcsec resolution), and multi-wavelength information, to assess their morphology and identify the galaxy that is hosting the radio emission (where appropriate). Details of how to access all of the overlays used for this work are available at https://github.com/svw26/G4Jy. Alongside this we conduct further checks against the literature, which we document in this paper for individual sources. Whilst the vast majority of the G4Jy Sample are active galactic nuclei with powerful radio-jets, we highlight that it also contains a nebula, two nearby, star-forming galaxies, a cluster relic, and a cluster halo. There are also three extended sources for which we are unable to infer the mechanism that gives rise to the low-frequency emission. In the G4Jy catalogue we provide mid-infrared identifications for 86% of the sources, and flag the remainder as: having an uncertain identification (129 sources), having a faint/uncharacterised mid-infrared host (126 sources), or it being inappropriate to specify a host (2 sources). For the subset of 129 sources, there is ambiguity concerning candidate host-galaxies, and this includes four sources (B0424$-$728, B0703$-$451, 3C 198, and 3C 403.1) where we question the existing identification.
We present the results from studying 140 radio sources in the GLEAM (GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA [Murchison Widefield Array]) 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample. These sources were followed-up with MeerKAT to assess their radio morphology and enable host-galaxy identification, as existing radio images of 25 to 45-arcsec resolution do not provide sufficient information. We refer to these sources as the MeerKAT-2019 subset. The aim is to identify the host galaxy of these sources by visually inspecting the overlays comprising radio data from four surveys (at 150, 200, 843/1400, and 1300 MHz). Our morp…
The GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample: III. Further host-galaxy identification, and redshift assessment
South African Astronomical Observatory（南非天文台）；Rhodes University（罗德斯大学）；Department of Physics, University of Pretoria（比勒陀利亚大学物理系）；Thüringer Landessternwarte（图林根州立天文台）；Univ. de Guanajuato（瓜纳华托大学）；Square Kilometre Array Observatory（平方公里阵列射电望远镜）；CSIRO Space & Astronomy（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织空间与天文部）；ICRAR, University of Western Australia（西澳大利亚大学国际射电天文学研究中心）；National Radio Astronomy Observatory（美国国家射电天文台）；Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy（荷兰射电天文研究所）
We present GLEAM (Galaxy Line Emission & Absorption Modeling), a Python tool for fitting Gaussian models to emission and absorption lines in large samples of 1D extragalactic spectra. GLEAM is tailored to work well in batch mode without much human interaction. With GLEAM, users can uniformly process a variety of spectra, including galaxies and active galactic nuclei, in a wide range of instrument setups and signal-to-noise regimes. GLEAM also takes advantage of multiprocessing capabilities to process spectra in parallel. With the goal of enabling reproducible workflows for its users, GLEAM emp…
Powerful radio-galaxies feature heavily in our understanding of galaxy evolution. However, when it comes to studying their properties as a function of redshift and/or environment, the most-detailed studies tend to be limited by small-number statistics. During Focus Meeting 3, on "Radio Galaxies: Resolving the AGN phenomenon", SVW presented a new sample of nearly 2,000 of the brightest radio-sources in the southern sky (Dec. $<$ 30 deg). These were observed at low radio-frequencies as part of the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA (GLEAM) Survey, which is a continuum survey conducted using …
This paper outlines how the new GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA Survey (GLEAM, Wayth et al. 2015), observed by the Murchison Widefield Array covering the frequency range 72 - 231 MHz, allows identification of a new large, complete, sample of more than 2000 bright extragalactic radio sources selected at 151 MHz. With a flux density limit of 4 Jy this sample is significantly larger than the canonical fully-complete sample, 3CRR (Laing, Riley & Longair 1983). In analysing this small bright subset of the GLEAM survey we are also providing a first user check of the GLEAM catalogue ahead of i…
The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) has observed the entire southern sky (Declination, $δ<$ 30 deg) at low radio-frequencies, over the range 72-231 MHz. These observations constitute the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA (GLEAM) Survey, and we use the extragalactic catalogue (Galactic latitude, $|b| >$ 10 deg) to define the GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample. This is a complete sample of the 'brightest' radio-sources ($S_{\mathrm{151MHz}} >$ 4 Jy), the majority of which are active galactic nuclei with powerful radio-jets. Crucially, low-frequency observations allow the selection of such sources in …
The GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample: IV. Multiwavelength data and analysis
South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO)（南非天文台）；Rhodes University（罗德兹大学）；International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), Curtin University（科廷大学国际射电天文研究中心）；University of Pretoria（比勒陀利亚大学）；Thüringer Landessternwarte（图林根州立天文台）；Univ. de Guanajuato（瓜纳华托大学）；Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO)（平方公里阵列望远镜观测站）；CSIRO Space & Astronomy（联邦科学与工业研究组织空间与天文学部）；ICRAR, University of Western Australia（西澳大学国际射电天文研究中心）；National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)（美国国家射电天文台）；Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)（荷兰射电天文研究所）；Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内克天文研究所）
We present results from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey on the identification, selection biases, and host galaxy properties of 55 X-ray, IR and optically-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) at $1.4 < z < 3.8$. We obtain rest-frame optical spectra of galaxies and AGN and use the BPT diagram to identify optical AGN. We examine the uniqueness and overlap of the AGN identified at different wavelengths. There is a strong bias against identifying AGN at any wavelength in low mass galaxies, and an additional bias against identifying IR AGN in the most massive galaxies. AGN hosts sp…
The nature of some GRB host galaxies has been investigated by means of chemical evolution models of galaxies of different morphological type following the evolution of the abundances of H, He, C, N, O, $α$-elements, Ni, Fe, Zn, and including also the evolution of dust. By comparing predictions with abundance data, we were able to constrain nature and age of GRB hosts. We also computed a theoretical cosmic dust rate, including stellar dust production, accretion and destruction, under the hypotheses of pure luminosity evolution and strong number density evolution of galaxies. We suggest that one…
The high surface-brightness sensitivity of the GLEAM survey image of the giant radio galaxy GRG 0503-28 at 70-230 MHz has revealed an inversion-symmetric bending of its two lobes, while maintaining between their bent portions a ~200 kpc wide strip-like radio emission gap. This lends the source the appearance of a mega-sized X-shaped radio galaxy. Identifying the emission gap with the presence of a gaseous layer, probably a WHIM-filled sheet in the cosmic web, we suggest that the layer is the most likely cause of the inversion-symmetric bending of the two radio lobes. Multiple observational man…
Extragalactic peaked-spectrum radio sources are thought to be the progenitors of larger, radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN). Synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) has often been identified as the cause of their spectral peak. The identification of new megahertz-peaked spectrum sources from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey provides an opportunity to test how radio sources with spectral peaks below 1 GHz fit within this evolutionary picture. We observed six peaked-spectrum sources selected from the GLEAM survey, three that have spectral characteris…
Understanding the preferences of transient types for host galaxies with certain characteristics is key to studies of transient physics and galaxy evolution, as well as to transient identification and classification in the LSST era. Here we describe a value-added database of extragalactic transients--supernovae, tidal disruption events, gamma-ray bursts, and other rare events--and their host galaxy properties. Based on reported coordinates, redshifts, and host galaxies (if known) of events, we cross-identify their host galaxies or most likely host candidates in various value-added or survey cat…
Low-frequency-selected Fast Radio Burst Host Galaxy Candidates
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester（莱斯特大学物理与天文学院）；Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内克天文研究所）；ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy（荷兰射电天文研究所）
Host galaxy identification is a crucial step for modern supernova (SN) surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), which will discover SNe by the thousands. Spectroscopic resources are limited, so in the absence of real-time SN spectra these surveys must rely on host galaxy spectra to obtain accurate redshifts for the Hubble diagram and to improve photometric classification of SNe. In addition, SN luminosities are known to correlate with host-galaxy properties. Therefore, reliable identification of host galaxies is essential for cosmology and SN…
Extended radio sources are an important minority population in modern deep radio surveys, because they enable detailed investigation of the physics governing radio-emitting regions such as active galaxies and their environments. Cross-identification of radio sources with optical host galaxies is challenging for this extended population, due to their morphological complexity and multiple potential counterparts. In the first data release of the Low-frequency array (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS DR1) the automated likelihood ratio for compact sources was supplemented by a citizen science vis…
We present results of an optical search for Cepheid variable stars using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 19 hosts of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and the maser-host galaxy NGC 4258, conducted as part of the SH0ES project (Supernovae and H0 for the Equation of State of dark energy). The targets include 9 newly imaged SN Ia hosts using a novel strategy based on a long-pass filter that minimizes the number of HST orbits required to detect and accurately determine Cepheid properties. We carried out a homogeneous reduction and analysis of all observations, including new universal variability sea…
In this study we define a new sample of distant powerful radio galaxies in order to study their host-galaxy properties and provide targets for future observations of HI absorption with new radio telescopes and to understand the fuelling and feedback from such sources. We have cross-matched the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) radio catalogue at 843 MHz with the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) near-infrared catalogue using the Likelihood Ratio technique. Photometric redshifts from the Dark Energy Survey are then used to assign redshifts to the radio source counterparts. We found a to…
From Detection to Host Galaxy Identification: Precision Continuous Gravitational Wave Localization with a Few Anchor Pulsars
Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics & Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学前沿交叉学科研究院与文理学院）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学物理与天文学院）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文与空间科学研究所）
We have observed the host galaxy of the low redshift, low luminosity GRB 080517 at 105.8 GHz using the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer. We detect an emission line with integrated flux S.delta{nu} = 0.39 +/- 0.05 Jy km/s - consistent both spatially and in velocity with identification as the J=1-0 rotational transition of carbon monoxide (CO) at the host galaxy redshift. This represents only the third long GRB host galaxy with molecular gas detected in emission. The inferred molecular gas mass, M_H2 ~ 6.3 x 10^8 M_sun, implies a gas consumption timescale of ~40 Myr if star formation continue…
We present results from the first twelve months of operation of Radio Galaxy Zoo, which upon completion will enable visual inspection of over 170,000 radio sources to determine the host galaxy of the radio emission and the radio morphology. Radio Galaxy Zoo uses $1.4\,$GHz radio images from both the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters (FIRST) and the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) in combination with mid-infrared images at $3.4\,μ$m from the {\it Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer} (WISE) and at $3.6\,μ$m from the {\it Spitzer Space Telescope}. We present the ea…
A Morphological Identification and Study of Radio Galaxies from LoTSS DR2. III. The Multiwavelength Analysis of Winged Radio Galaxies
Xiamen University（厦门大学）；Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, NCU（托伦 Nicolaus Copernicus 大学物理、天文学和信息学学院天文研究所）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙物质前沿研究センター（ Kavli 宇宙物理学・数学研究中心））；Jadavpur University（贾达普大学）
Accurate active galactic nucleus (AGN) identifications and spatially resolved host galaxy properties are a powerful combination for studies of the role of AGNs and AGN feedback in the coevolution of galaxies and their central supermassive black holes. Here, we present robust identifications of 406 AGNs in the first 6261 galaxies observed by the integral field spectroscopy survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA). Instead of using optical line flux ratios, which can be difficult to interpret in light of the effects of shocks and metallicity, we identify the AGNs via mi…
Forward modeling of the full galaxy SED is a powerful technique, providing self-consistent constraints on stellar ages, dust properties, and metallicities. However, the accuracy of these results is contingent on the accuracy of the model. One significant source of uncertainty is the contribution of obscured AGN, as they are relatively common and can produce substantial mid-IR (MIR) emission. Here we include emission from dusty AGN torii in the Prospector SED-fitting framework, and fit the UV-IR broadband photometry of 129 nearby galaxies. We find that 10% of the fitted galaxies host an AGN con…
Multiwavelength identification of AGN is crucial not only to obtain a more complete census, but also to learn about the physical state of the nuclear activity (obscuration, efficiency, etc.). A panchromatic strategy plays an especially important role when the host galaxies are star-forming. Selecting far-Infrared galaxies at 0.3<z<1, and using AGN tracers in the X-ray, optical spectra, mid-infrared, and radio regimes, we found a twice higher AGN fraction than previous studies, thanks to the combined AGN identification methods and in particular the recent Mass-Excitation (MEx) diagnostic diagra…
First Direct Identification of a Multi-Star Microlens System Hosting a Planet
University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；University of Tasmania（塔斯马尼亚大学）；Universität Bern（伯尔尼大学）；Massey University（梅西大学）；University of Warsaw（华沙大学）
Identification and Study of Irregular Radio Sources with SKA Continuum Surveys
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Guangxi Normal University（广西师范大学）；Xiamen University（厦门大学）；Jadavpur University（贾达普大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）
A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio-detected Active Galactic Nuclei with Subaru HSC (WERGS). XII. Final Optical Identification of VLASS Radio Sources from the Subaru/HSC-SSP Wide Survey Over 1200 deg$^2$
Hosei University（法政大学）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）；Tohoku University（东北大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Waseda University（早稻田大学）；Ehime University（爱媛大学）；Nagoya University（名古屋大学）
The quasar class of extreme Population A (xA) (also known as super-Eddington accreting massive black holes, SEAMBHs) has been hailed as potential distance indicators for cosmology. The aim of this paper is to define tight criteria for their proper identification starting from the main selection criterion $R_{FeII} > 1 $, and to identify potential intruders not meeting the selection criteria, but nonetheless selected as xA because of the coarseness of automatic searches. Inclusion of the spurious xA sources may dramatically increase the dispersion in the Hubble diagram of quasars obtained from …
We present the source associations, cross-identifications, and multi-wavelength properties of the faint radio source population detected in the deep tier of the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS): the LoTSS Deep Fields. The first LoTSS Deep Fields data release consists of deep radio imaging at 150~MHz of the ELAIS-N1, Lockman Hole, and Boötes fields, down to RMS sensitives of around 20, 22, and 32$~μ$Jy\,beam$^{-1}$, respectively. These fields are some of the best studied extra-galactic fields in the northern sky, with existing deep, wide-area panchromatic photometry from X-ray to infrared wav…
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimiter Array (ALMA) high sensitivity ($σ_P \simeq 0.4\,$mJy) polarimetric observations at $97.5\,$GHz (Band 3) of a complete sample of $32$ extragalactic radio sources drawn from the faint Planck-ATCA Co-eval Observations (PACO) sample ($b<-75^\circ$, compact sources brighter than $200\,$mJy at $20\,$GHz). We achieved a detection rate of $~97\%$ at $3\,σ$ (only $1$ non-detection). We complement these observations with new Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) data between $2.1$ and $35\,$GHz obtained within a few months and with data published in e…
We present GHOST, a database of 16,175 spectroscopically classified supernovae and the properties of their host galaxies. We have developed a host galaxy association method using image gradients that achieves fewer misassociations for low-z hosts and higher completeness for high-z hosts than previous methods. We use dimensionality reduction to identify the host galaxy properties that distinguish supernova classes. Our results suggest that the hosts of SLSNe, SNe Ia, and core collapse supernovae can be separated using host brightness information and extendedness measures derived from the host's…
Deep Learning for Morphological Identification of Extended Radio Galaxies using Weak Labels
CSIRO Space & Astronomy（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织空间与天文研究所）；CSIRO Data61（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织Data61研究所）；Western Sydney University（西悉尼大学）；International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR)（国际射电天文学研究中心）；The University of Western Australia（西澳大利亚大学）；Thüringer Landessternwarte（图林根州立天文台）；Universidad de Guanajuato（瓜纳华托大学）
Binary active galactic nuclei (AGNs) provide clues to how gas-rich mergers trigger and fuel AGNs and how supermassive black hole (SMBH) pairs evolve in a gas-rich environment. While significant effort has been invested in their identification, the detailed properties of binary AGNs and their host galaxies are still poorly constrained. In a companion paper, we examined the nature of ionizing sources in the double nuclei of four kpc-scale binary AGNs with redshifts between 0.1~0.2. Here, we present their host galaxy morphology based on F336W (U-band) and F105W (Y-band) images taken by the Wide F…
The discovery of gravitational-wave (GW) signals, produced by the coalescence of stellar-mass binary black holes (SBBHs), opens a new window to study the astrophysical origins and dynamical evolutions of compact binaries. In addition, these GW events can be treated as the standard sirens to constrain various cosmological parameters. Both issues require the host identification for these GW events, with help of the spatial resolution of GW detector networks. In this paper, we investigate the capabilities of various detector networks for identifying the SBBHs' host galaxy groups, rather than thei…
RadioGalaxyNET: Dataset and Novel Computer Vision Algorithms for the Detection of Extended Radio Galaxies and Infrared Hosts
CSIRO Space & Astronomy（CSIRO空间与天文学研究所）；CSIRO Data61（CSIRO Data61研究所）；Western Sydney University（西悉尼大学）；International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR)（国际射电天文学研究中心（ICRAR））；The University of Western Australia（西澳大利亚大学）
