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arXiv 2004.11108astro-ph.HE
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黑洞X射线双星GX 339-4的颜色和图案

Colors and patterns of black hole X-ray binary GX 339-4

Ilia A. Kosenkov, Alexandra Veledina, Valery F. Suleimanov, Juri Poutanen

摘要:

黑洞X射线双星在光学/近红外范围内显示出非热发射的迹象。我们分析了2002- 2011年期间GX 339 $-$ 4上的光学/近红外SMARTS数据。利用软态数据,我们估计了星际消光对源和特征色温的吸积盘。我们发现,各种光谱状态的定期爆发占据类似的区域上的颜色-星等图,状态之间的过渡进行沿相同的轨道,尽管在所观察到的光变曲线形态的实质性差异。我们确定硬到软和软到硬状态转变以及爆发衰减阶段硬状态的典型持续时间分别为一周、两周和四周。我们发现,失败爆发在早期阶段与正常爆发很难区分,但如果源在$V$波段达到16 mag,它将过渡到软状态。通过减去吸积盘的贡献,我们得到的非热分量的光谱,它具有恒定的,几乎平坦的形状之间的硬态和软态的转变。与在光学和近红外波长处看到的缓慢演变的非热分量相反,中红外光谱在短时间尺度上变化很大,有时会显示出明显的过量,截止频率低于$10^{14}$ Hz。我们发现射电到光谱可以用对应于喷流、热流和辐照吸积盘的三个分量来模拟。

英文摘要:

Black hole X-ray binaries show signs of non-thermal emission in the optical/near-infrared range. We analyze the optical/near-infrared SMARTS data on GX339$-$4 over the 2002--2011 period. Using the soft state data, we estimate the interstellar extinction towards the source and characteristic color temperatures of the accretion disk. We show that various spectral states of regular outbursts occupy similar regions on the color-magnitude diagrams, and that transitions between the states proceed along the same tracks despite substantial differences in the observed light curves morphology. We determine the typical duration of the hard-to-soft and soft-to-hard state transitions and the hard state at the decaying stage of the outburst to be one, two and four weeks, respectively. We find that the failed outbursts cannot be easily distinguished from the regular ones at their early stages, but if the source reaches 16 mag in $V$-band, it will transit to the soft state. By subtracting the contribution of the accretion disk, we obtain the spectra of the non-thermal component, which have constant, nearly flat shape during the transitions between the hard and soft states. In contrast to the slowly evolving non-thermal component seen at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, the mid-infrared spectrum is strongly variable on short timescales and sometimes shows a prominent excess with a cutoff below $10^{14}$ Hz. We show that the radio to optical spectrum can be modeled using three components corresponding to the jet, hot flow and irradiated accretion disk.

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