This paper is dedicated to proving the complete integrability of the Benjamin--Ono (BO) equation on the line when restricted to every $N$-soliton manifold, denoted by $\mathcal{U}_N$. We construct generalized action--angle coordinates which establish a real analytic symplectomorphism from $\mathcal{U}_N$ onto some open convex subset of $\mathbb{R}^{2N}$ and allow to solve the equation by quadrature for any such initial datum. As a consequence, $\mathcal{U}_N$ is the universal covering of the manifold of $N$-gap potentials for the BO equation on the torus as described by Gérard--Kappeler $[19]$. The global well-posedness of the BO equation in $\mathcal{U}_N$ is given by a polynomial characterization and a spectral characterization of the manifold $\mathcal{U}_N$. Besides the spectral analysis of the Lax operator of the BO equation and the shift semigroup acting on some Hardy spaces, the construction of such coordinates also relies on the use of a generating functional, which encodes the entire BO hierarchy.
We show that uniqueness results of the kind those obtained for KdV and Schrödinger equations ([7], [28]), are not valid for the dispersion generalized-Benjamin-Ono equation in the weighted Sobolev spaces $$H^s(\R)\cap L^2(x^{2r}dx),$$ for appropriated $s$ and $r$. In particular, we obtain that the uniqueness result proved for the dispersion generalized-Benjamin-Ono equation ([13]), is not true for all pairs of solutions $u_1\neq 0$ and $u_2\neq 0$. To achieve these results we employ the techniques present in our recent work [6]. We also improve some Theorems established for the dispersion gene…
Near an arbitrary finite gap potential we construct real analytic, canonical coordinates for the Benjamin-Ono equation on the torus having the following two main properties: (1) up to a remainder term, which is smoothing to any given order, the coordinate transformation is a pseudo-differential operator of order 0 with principal part given by a modified Fourier transform (modification by a phase factor) and (2) the pullback of the Hamiltonian of the Benjamin-Ono is in normal form up to order three and the corresponding Hamiltonian vector field admits an expansion in terms of para-differential …
We consider the $k$-dispersion generalized Benjamin-Ono equation in the supercritical case. We establish sharp conditions on the data to show global well-posedness in the energy space for this family of nonlinear dispersive equations. We also prove similar results for the generalized Benjamin-Ono equation.
We consider the Benjamin-Ono equation on the real line for initial data in weighted Sobolev spaces. After the application of the gauge transform, the flow is shown to be Lipschitz continuous and to present a nonlinear smoothing effect. As a consequence, unconditional uniqueness for the Benjamin-Ono equation is proved.
New local well-posedness results for dispersion generalized Benjamin-Ono equations on the torus are proved. The family of equations under consideration links the Benjamin-Ono and Korteweg-de Vries equation. For sufficiently high dispersion global well-posedness in $L^2(\mathbb{T})$ is derived.
We prove smoothing properties of the solutions of the Benjamin-Ono equation in the Sobolev space $H^{s}(\mathbb{T},\mathbb{R})$ for any $s\ge 0$. To this end we show that Tao's gauge transform is a high frequency approximation of the nonlinear Fourier transform $Φ$ for the Benjamin-Ono equation, constructed in our previous work. The results of this paper are manifestations of the quasi-linear character of the Benjamin-Ono equation.
In this paper we study the inviscid limit of the Benjamin-Ono-Burgers equation in the energy space $ H^{1/2} (\R) $ or $ H^{1/2}(\T) $. We prove the strong convergence in the energy space of the solution to this equation toward the solution of the Benjamin-Ono equation as the dissipation coefficient converges to $ 0 $.
In this paper, we survey our recent results on the Benjamin-Ono equation on the torus. As an application of the methods developed we construct large families of periodic or quasiperiodic solutions, which are not $C^\infty$-smooth.
In this paper we analyze operator splitting for the Benjamin-Ono equation, u_t = uu_x + Hu_xx, where H denotes the Hilbert transform. If the initial data are sufficiently regular, we show the convergence of both Godunov and Strang splitting.
This work studies the rotation-generalized Benjamin-Ono equation which is derived from the theory of weakly nonlinear long surface and internal waves in deep water under the presence of rotation. It is shown that the solitary-wave solutions are orbitally stable for certain wave speeds.
In this paper we study the initial-value problem associated with the Benjamin-Ono-Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation. Such equation appears as a two-dimensional generalization of the Benjamin-Ono equation when transverse effects are included via weak dispersion of Zakharov-Kuznetsov type. We prove that the initial-value problem is locally well-posed in the usual $L^2(\R^2)$-based Sobolev spaces $H^{s}(\R^2)$, $s>11/8$, and in some weighted Sobolev spaces. To obtain our results, most of the arguments are accomplished taking into account the ones for the Benjamin-Ono equation.
In this paper we prove that the Benjamin-Ono equation, when considered on the torus, is an integrable (pseudo)differential equation in the strongest possible sense: it admits global Birkhoff coordinates on the space $L^2(\T)$. These are coordinates which allow to integrate it by quadrature and hence are also referred to as nonlinear Fourier coefficients. As a consequence, all the $L^2(\T)$ solutions of the Benjamin--Ono equation are almost periodic functions of the time variable. The construction of such coordinates relies on the spectral study of the Lax operator in the Lax pair formulation o…
We prove that if $u_1,\,u_2$ are solutions of the Benjamin-Ono equation defined in $ (x,t)\in\R \times [0,T]$ which agree in an open set $Ω\subset \R \times [0,T]$, then $u_1\equiv u_2$. We extend this uniqueness result to a general class of equations of Benjamin-Ono type in both the initial value problem and the initial periodic boundary value problem. This class of 1-dimensional non-local models includes the intermediate long wave equation. Finally, we present a slightly stronger version of our uniqueness results for the Benjamin-Ono equation.
A family of dispersive equations is considered which links a higher dimensional Benjamin-Ono equation and the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation. For these fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equations new well-posedness results are proved using transversality and localization of time to small frequency dependent time intervals.
Inspired by the work of Zhidkov on the KdV equation, we perform a construction of weighted gaussian measures associated to the higher order conservation laws of the Benjamin-Ono equation. The resulting measures are supported by Sobolev spaces of increasing regularity. We also prove a property on the support of these measures leading to the conjecture that they are indeed invariant by the flow of the Benjamin-Ono equation.
We obtain conservation laws at negative regularity for the Benjamin-Ono equation on the line and on the circle. These conserved quantities control the $H^s$ norm of the solution for $-\frac{1}{2} < s < 0$. The conservation laws are obtained from a study of the perturbation determinant associated to the Lax pair of the equation.
We compute the scattering data of the Benjamin-Ono equation for arbitrary rational initial conditions with simple poles. Specifically, we obtain explicit formulas for the Jost solutions and eigenfunctions of the associated spectral problem, yielding an Evans function for the eigenvalues and formulas for the phase constants and reflection coefficient.
We prove that the recently introduced spin Benjamin--Ono equation admits a Lax pair, and we deduce a family of conservation laws which allow to prove global wellposedness in all Sobolev spaces $H^k$ for every integer $k\geq 2$. We also infer an additional family of matrix valued conservation laws, of which the previous family are just the traces.
We prove that the periodic modified Benjamin-Ono equation is locally well-posed in the energy space $H^{1/2}$. This ensures the global well-posedness in the defocusing case. The proof is based on an $X^{s,b}$ analysis of the system after gauge transform.
We show that for any uniformly bounded in time $H^1\cap L^1$ solution of the dispersive generalized Benjamin-Ono equation, the limit infimum, as time $t$ goes to infinity, converges to zero locally in an increasing-in-time region of space of order $t/\log t$. This result is in accordance with the one established by Muñoz and Ponce \cite{MP1} for solutions of the Benjamin-Ono equation. Similar to solutions of the Benjamin-Ono equation, for a solution of the dispersive generalized Benjamin-Ono equation, with a mild $L^1$-norm growth in time, its limit infimum must converge to zero, as time goes …
We complete the program developed in our previous works aiming to construct an infinite sequence of invariant measures of gaussian type associated with the conservation laws of the Benjamin-Ono equation.
We consider the Cauchy problem of third order Benjamin-Ono type equations on the torus. Nonlinear terms may yield derivative losses, which prevents us from using the classical energy method. In order to overcome that difficulty, we add a correction term into the energy. We also use the Bona-Smith type argument to show the continuous dependence.
We study the initial value problem associated to the dispersion generalized Benjamin-Ono equation. Our aim is to establish well posedness results in weighted Sobolev spaces and to deduce from them some sharp unique continuation properties of solutions to this equation. In particular, we shall establish optimal decay rate for the solutions of this model.
In a recent work, Ionescu and Kenig proved that the Cauchy problem associatedto the Benjamin-Ono equation is well-posed in $L^2(\mathbb R)$. In this paper we give a simpler proof of Ionescu and Kenig's result, which moreover provides stronger uniqueness results. In particular, we prove unconditional well-posedness in $H^s(\mathbb R)$, for $s>1/4$.
We prove the invariance of the Gibbs measure for the periodic Schrodinger-Benjamin-Ono system (when the coupling parameter |γ| \ne 0, 1) by establishing a new local well-posedness in a modified Sobolev space and constructing the Gibbs measure (which is in the sub-L^2 setting for the Benjamin-Ono part.) We also show the ill-posedness result in H^s(\mathbb{T}) \times H^{s-{1/2}}(\mathbb{T}) for s < {1/2} when |γ| \ne 0, 1 and for any s \in \mathbb{R} when |γ| =1.
This article represents a first step toward understanding the long time dynamics of solutions for the Benjamin-Ono equation. While this problem is known to be both completely integrable and globally well-posed in $L^2$, much less seems to be known concerning its long time dynamics. Here, we prove that for small localized data the solutions have (nearly) dispersive dynamics almost globally in time. An additional objective is to revisit the $L^2$ theory for the Benjamin-Ono equation and provide a simpler, self-contained approach.
In this article, we examine $L^2$ well-posedness and stabilization property of the dispersion-generalized Benjamin-Ono equation with periodic boundary conditions. The main ingredient of our proof is a development of dissipation-normalized Bourgain space, which gains smoothing properties simultaneously from dissipation and dispersion within the equation. We will establish a bilinear estimate for the derivative nonlinearity using this space and prove the linear observability inequality leading to small-data stabilization.
In this paper we study some properties of propagation of regularity of solutions of the dispersive generalized Benjamin-Ono (BO) equation. This model defines a family of dispersive equations, that can be seen as a dispersive interpolation between Benjamin-Ono equation and Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. Recently, it has been showed that solutions of the KdV equation and Benjamin-Ono equation, satisfy the following property: if the initial data has some prescribed regularity on the right hand side of the real line, then this regularity is propagated with infinite speed by the flow solution. I…
We consider the $L^2$ well-posedness of third order Benjamin-Ono equation. We show that by means of a normal form and a gauge transformation, the equation can be changed into an Airy-type equation. A second goal of this work is to establish that the solutions to the nonlinear third order Benjamin-Ono equation problem exhibit a dispersive decay estimate analogue to the corresponding linear associated problem. The key ingredient is the use of a nonlinear vector field method.
We continue to study the local well-posedness for higher order Benjamin-Ono type equations, especially fourth order equations. The proof is based on the energy methods with correction terms. Although one of correction terms can eliminate the highest order derivative loss in the energy inequality, it may yield a lower order derivative loss than the worst term. In order to cancel this derivative loss, we define correction terms inductively.
We consider the Benjamin-Ono equation on the torus with an additional damping term on the smallest Fourier modes (cos and sin). We first prove global well-posedness of this equation in $L^2_{r,0}(\mathbb{T})$. Then, we describe the weak limit points of the trajectories in $L^2_{r,0}(\mathbb{T})$ when time goes to infinity, and show that these weak limit points are strong limit points. Finally, we prove the boundedness of higher-order Sobolev norms for this equation. Our key tool is the Birkhoff map for the Benjamin-Ono equation, that we use as an adapted nonlinear Fourier transform.
We study the initial value problem associated to a higher dimensional version of the Benjamin-Ono equation. Our purpose is to establish local well-posedness results in weighted Sobolev spaces and to determinate according to them some sharp unique continuation properties of the solution flow. In consequence, optimal decay rate for this model is determined. A key ingredient is the deduction of a new commutator estimate involving Riesz transforms.
We consider the initial value problem associated to the regularized Benjamin-Ono equation, rBO. Our aim is to establish local and global well-posedness results in weighted Sobolev spaces via contraction principle. We also prove a unique continuation property that implies that arbitrary polinomial type decay is not preserved yielding sharp results regarding well-posedness of the initial value problem in most weighted Sobolev spaces.
We consider the long time dynamics of large solutions to the Benjamin-Ono equation. Using virial techniques, we describe regions of space where every solution in a suitable Sobolev space must decay to zero along sequences of times. Moreover, in the case of exterior regions, we prove complete decay for any sequence of times. The remaining regions not treated here are essentially the strong dispersion and soliton regions.
In this paper, we prove that the Cauchy problem associated to the following higher-order Benjamin-Ono equation $$ \partial_tv-b\mathcal{H}\partial^2_xv- aε\partial_x^3v=cv\partial_xv-dε\partial_x(v\mathcal{H}\partial_xv+\mathcal{H}(v\partial_xv)), $$ is globally well-posed in the energy space $H^1(\mathbb R)$. Moreover, we study the limit behavior when the small positive parameter $ε$ tends to zero and show that, under a condition on the coefficients $a$, $b$, $c$ and $d$, the solution $v_ε$ to this equation converges to the corresponding solution of the Benjamin-Ono equation.
We show unconditional uniqueness of solutions to the Cauchy problem associated with the Benjamin-Ono equation under the periodic boundary condition with initial data given in $H^s$ for $s>1/6$. This improves the previous unconditional uniqueness result in $H^{1/2}$ by Molinet and Pilod (2012). Our proof is based on a gauge transform and integration by parts in the time variable.
This article is concerned with infinite depth gravity water waves with constant vorticity in two space dimensions. We consider this system expressed in position-velocity potential holomorphic coordinates. We show that, for low-frequency solutions, the Benjamin-Ono equation gives a good and stable approximation to the system on the natural cubic time scale. The proof relies on refined cubic energy estimates and perturbative analysis.
In this paper, we study several aspects of solitary wave solutions of the rotation Benjamin-Ono equation. By solving a minimization problem on the line, we construct a family of even travelling waves $ψ_{c,γ}$. We also study the strong convergence of this family and we establish the uniqueness of $ψ_{c,γ}$ for $γ$ small enough. Note that this improves the results in [5] where the stability of the set of ground states is proven.
The periodic Benjamin-Ono equation is an autonomous Hamiltonian system with a Gibbs measure on $L^2({\mathbb T})$. The paper shows that the Gibbs measures on bounded balls of $L^2$ satisfy some logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. The space of $n$-soliton solutions of the periodic Benjamin-Ono equation, as discovered by Case, is a Hamiltonian system with an invariant Gibbs measure. As $n\rightarrow\infty$, these Gibbs measures exhibit a concentration of measure phenomenon. Case introduced soliton solutions that are parameterised by atomic measures in the complex plane. The limiting distributions …
We study the Benjamin-Ono equation, posed on the torus. We prove that an infinite sequence of weighted gaussian measures, constructed in our previous work, are invariant by the flow of the equation. These measures are supported by Sobolev spaces of increasing regularities. As a by product we deduce informations on the long time behaviour of regular solutions. To our knowledge this is the first result which gives an evidence about recurrence properties of the Benjamin-Ono equation flow.
In this paper we prove that the Benjamin-Ono equation admits an analytic Birkhoff normal form in an open neighborhood of zero in $H^{s}_{0}(\T, \R)$ for any $s>-1/2$ where $H^{s}_{0}(\T, \R)$ denotes the subspace of the Sobolev space $H^{s}(\T, \R)$ of elements with mean $0$. As an application we show that for any $-1/2<s<0$, the flow map of the Benjamin-Ono equation $\mathcal{S}_0^t : H^{s}_{0}(\T, \R)\to H^{s}_{0}(\T, \R)$ is nowhere locally uniformly continuous in a neighborhood of zero in $H^{s}_{0}(\T, \R)$.
This paper has various goals: first, we develop a local and global well-posedness theory for the regularized Benjamin-Ono equation in the periodic setting, second, we show that the Cauchy problem for this equation (in both periodic and non-periodic case) cannot be solved by an iteration scheme based on the Duhamel formula for negative Sobolev indices, third, a proof of the existence of a smooth curve of periodic travelling wave solutions, for the regularized Benjamin-Ono equation, with fixed minimal period 2L, is given. It is also shown that these solutions are nonlinearly stable in the energy…
We study the initial value problem associated to the Benjamin-Ono equation. The aim is to establish persistence properties of the solution flow in the weighted Sobolev spaces $Z_{s,r}=H^s(\R)\cap L^2(|x|^{2r}dx)$, $s\in\R, \,s\geq 1$ and $s\geq r$. We also prove some unique continuation properties of the solution flow in these spaces. In particular, these continuation principles demostrate that our persistence properties are sharp.
For initial data in Sobolev spaces $H^s(\mathbb T)$, $\frac 12 < s \leqslant 1$, the solution to the Cauchy problem for the Benjamin-Ono equation on the circle is shown to grow at most polynomially in time at a rate $(1+t)^{3(s-\frac 12) + ε}$, $0<ε\ll 1$. Key to establishing this result is the discovery of a nonlinear smoothing effect for the Benjamin-Ono equation, according to which the solution to the equation satisfied by a certain gauge transform, which is widely used in the well-posedness theory of the Cauchy problem, becomes smoother once its free solution is removed.
