Viktor Petrov, Andrei Semenov
We show that any adjoint absolutely simple linear algebraic group over a field of characteristic zero is the automorphism group of some projector on a central simple algebra. Projective homogeneous varieties can be described in these terms; in particular, we reproduce quadratic equations by Lichtenstein defining them.
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In the paper we prove that every automorphism of and elementary adjoint Chevalley group of types $A_l, D_l$, or $E_l$, over local commutative ring with 1/2 is a composition of a ring automorphism and conjugation by some matrix from the normalizer of the Chevalley group in $\GL(V)$ ($V$ is the adjoint representation space).
For a classical group $G$ of type $\mathsf D_n$ over a field $k$ of characteristic different from $2$, we show the existence of a finitely generated regular extension $R$ of $k$ such that $G$ admits outer automorphisms over $R$. Using this result and a construction of groups of type $\mathsf A$ from groups of type $\mathsf D$, we construct new examples of groups of type $^2\mathsf A_n$ with $n\equiv 3\bmod 4$ and the first examples of type $^2\mathsf A_n$ with $n\equiv 1\bmod 4$ $(n\geq 5)$ that are not $R$-trivial, hence not rational (nor stably rational).
We introduce a class of rings, namely the class of left or right $p$-nil rings, for which the adjoint groups behave regularly. Every $p$-ring is close to being left or right $p$-nil in the sense that it contains a large ideal belonging to this class. Also their adjoint groups occur naturally as groups of automorphisms of $p$-groups. These facts and some of their applications are investigated in this paper.
We show that the adjoint group of the Alexander quandle associated to an abelian group M and an automorphism T has a nice description in terms of M and T.
Kostant constructed a section from the adjoint quotient morphism of a simple Lie algebra to the open set of regular elements, and Steinberg constructed such a section for the adjoint quotient of a simply connected and simple algebraic group. In this paper, we show that all sections of the adjoint quotient are conjugate via a morphism from the adjoint quotient to the group. In particular, the sections constructed via the parabolic construction are conjugate either to the Kostant section or to the Steinberg section. The method of proof consists in studying automorphism sheaves of certain princip…
Let $\mathfrak g_i$ be a simple complex Lie algebra, $1\leq i \leq d$, and let $G=G_1\times...\times G_d$ be the corresponding adjoint group. Consider the $G$-module $V=\oplus r_i\mathfrak g_i$ where $r_i\geq 1$ for all $i$. We say that $V$ is \emph{large} if all $r_i\geq 2$ and $r_i\geq 3$ if $G_i$ has rank 1. In [Schwarz12] we showed that when $V$ is large any algebraic automorphism $ψ$ of the quotient $Z:= V//G$ lifts to an algebraic mapping $Ψ\colon V\to V$ which sends the fiber over $z$ to the fiber over $ψ(z)$, $z\in Z$. (Most cases were already handled in [Kuttler11]). We also showed th…
The trialitarian automorphisms considered in this paper are the outer automorphisms of order 3 of adjoint classical groups of type D_4 over arbitrary fields. A one-to-one correspondence is established between their conjugacy classes and similarity classes of symmetric compositions on 8-dimensional quadratic spaces. Using the known classification of symmetric compositions, we distinguish two conjugacy classes of trialitarian automorphisms over algebraically closed fields. For type I, the group of fixed points is of type G_2, whereas it is of type A_2 for trialitarian automorphisms of type II.
In the paper we prove that every automorphism of any adjoint Chevalley group of types B_2 or G_2 is standard, i.e., it is a composition of the ``inner'' automorphism, ring automorphism and central automorphism.
Automorphisms of triality groups over local rings
本文对D₄型伴随与单连通形式下的初等及全三元组群的抽象自同构进行分类，证明其由伴随群元素与保持特定迹的环自同构唯一确定，并建立了相关同态的相对刚性定理。
The so-called Tits class, associated to an adjoint absolutely almost simple algebraic group, provides a cohomological obstruction for this group to admit an outer automorphism. If the group has inner type, this obstruction is the only one. In this paper, we prove this is not the case for classical groups of outer type, except for groups of type $^2\mathsf{A}_n$ with $n$ even, or $n=5$. More precisely, we prove a descent theorem for exponent $2$ and degree $6$ algebras with unitary involution, which shows that their automorphism groups have outer automorphisms. In all other relevant classical t…
In this paper we prove that every automorphism of (elementary) adjoint Chevalley group with root system of rank $>1$ over a commutative ring (with 1/2 for the systems $A_2$, $F_4$, $B_l$, $C_l$; with 1/2 and 1/3 for the system $G_2$) is standard, i.\,e., it is a composition of ring, inner, central and graph automorphisms.
Let $G$ be a group. The central automorphism group $Aut_c(G)$ of $G$ is the centralizer of $Inn(G)$ the subgroup of $Aut(G)$ of inner automorphisms. There is a one to one map $ σ\mapsto h_σ$ from the set $Aut_c(G)$ onto the set $Hom(G,Z(G))$ of homomorphisms from $G$ onto its center, with $ h_σ(x)=x^{-1} σ(x)$. This map can be used to obtain informations about the size of $Aut_c(G)$, and also about its structure in some special cases. In this paper we see how to use it to obtain informations about the structure of $Aut_c(G)$ in the general case. The notion of the adjoint group of a ring is the…
Automorphisms of twisted Chevalley groups of type ${}^2E_6$ over local rings
本文分类了带对合且2可逆的交换局部环上，两种等义类型的${}^2E_6$型扭Chevalley群的抽象自同构，证明其均为标准型，明确了伴随与单连通情形下自同构的结构，通过基变换替换等步骤完成分类。
An adjoint Chevalley group of rank at least 2 over a rational algebra (or a similar ring), its elementary subgroup, and the corresponding Lie ring have the same automorphism group. These automorphisms are explicitly described.
We classify abelian subgroups of the automorphism group of any compact simple Lie algebra whose centralizer has the same dimension as the dimension of the subgroup. This leads to a classification of the maximal abelian subgroups of compact simple groups of adjoint type and a classification of the fine group gradings of complex simple Lie algebras.
Sha-rigidity of adjoint Chevalley groups of types $A_1$, $A_2$, $B_2$, $G_2$ over commutative rings
本文证明了在特定环上，A1、A2、B2和G2类型的伴随Chevalley群及其初等子群的局部内自同构是内自同构，从而这些群具有Sha-刚性。
Let $G$ be a simple algebraic group of adjoint type over the field $\mathbb{C}$ of complex numbers, $B$ be a Borel subgroup of $G$ containing a maximal torus $T$ of $G.$ Let $w$ be an element of the Weyl group $W$ and $X(w)$ be the Schubert variety in $G/B$ corresponding to $w$. In this article we show that given any parabolic subgroup $P$ of $G$ containing $B$ properly, there is an element $w\in W$ such that $P$ is the connected component, containing the identity element of the group of all algebraic automorphisms of $X(w).$
The paper establishes new relationship between cohomology, extensions and automorphisms of quandles. We derive a four term exact sequence relating quandle 1-cocycles, second quandle cohomology and certain group of automorphisms of an abelian extension of quandles. A non-abelian counterpart of this sequence involving dynamical cohomology classes is also established, and some applications to lifting of quandle automorphisms are given. Viewing the construction of the conjugation, the core and the generalised Alexander quandle of a group as an adjoint functor of some appropriate functor from the c…
Clifford theory relates the representation theory of finite groups to those of a fixed normal subgroup by means of induction and restriction, which is an adjoint pair of functors. We generalize this result to the situation of a Krull-Schmidt category on which a finite group acts as automorphisms. This then provides the orbit category introduced by Cibils and Marcos, and studied intensively by Keller in the context of cluster algebras, and by Asashiba in the context of Galois covering functors. We formulate and prove Clifford's theorem for Krull-Schmidt orbit categories with respect to a finite…
Let $V$ be a $G$-module where $G$ is a complex reductive group. Let $Z:=\quot VG$ denote the categorical quotient and let $π\colon V\to Z$ be the morphism dual to the inclusion $Ø(V)^G\subsetØ(V)$. Let $ϕ\colon Z\to Z$ be an algebraic automorphism. Then one can ask if there is an algebraic map $Φ\colon V\to V$ which lifts $ϕ$, i.e., $π(Φ(v))=ϕ(π(v))$ for all $v\in V$. In \cite{Kuttler} the case is treated where $V=r\lieg$ is a multiple of the adjoint representation of $G$. It is shown that, for $r$ sufficiently large (often $r\geq 2$ will do), any $ϕ$ has a lift. We consider the case of genera…
Let G be a Lie group, $T^*G$ its cotangent bundle with its natural Lie group structure obtained by performing a left trivialization of T^*G and endowing the resulting trivial bundle with the semi-direct product, using the coadjoint action of G on the dual space of its Lie algebra. We investigate the group of automorphisms of the Lie algebra of $T^*G$. More precisely, amongst other results, we fully characterize the space of all derivations of the Lie algebra of $T^*G$. As a byproduct, we also characterize some spaces of operators on G amongst which, the space J of bi-invariant tensors on G and…
In adjoint reductive groups $H$ of type $\mathsf{D}$ we show that for every semisimple element $s$, its centralizer splits over its connected component, i.e., $C_H(s) = C_H(s)^\circ \rtimes \check A$ for some complement $\check A$ with strong stability properties. We derive several consequences about the action of automorphisms on semisimple conjugacy classes. This helps to parametrize characters of the finite groups $\mathsf{D}_{l,\text{sc}}(q)$ and $^2\mathsf{D}_{l,\text{sc}}(q)$ and describe the action of automorphisms on them. It is also a contribution to the final proof of the McKay conje…
An axial algebra over the field $\mathbb F$ is a commutative algebra generated by idempotents whose adjoint action has multiplicity-free minimal polynomial. For semisimple associative algebras this leads to sums of copies of $\mathbb F$. Here we consider the first nonassociative case, where adjoint minimal polynomials divide $(x-1)x(x-η)$ for fixed $0\neqη\neq 1$. Jordan algebras arise when $η=\frac{1}{2}$, but our motivating examples are certain Griess algebras of vertex operator algebras and the related Majorana algebras. We study a class of algebras, including these, for which axial automor…
The Weyl group of the Cuntz algebra O_n, with n finite, is investigated. This is (isomorphic to) the group of polynomial automorphisms of O_n, namely those induced by unitaries that can be written as finite sums of words in the canonical generating isometries and their adjoints. A necessary and sufficient algorithmic combinatorial condition is found for deciding when a polynomial endomorphism restricts to an automorphism of the canonical diagonal MASA. Some steps towards a general criterion for invertibility of such endomorphisms on the whole of O_n are also taken. A condition for verifying in…
Formulae expressing the trace of the composition of several (up to five) adjoint actions of elements of the Griess algebra of a vertex operator algebra are derived under certain assumptions on the action of the automorphism group. They coincide, when applied to the moonshine module $V^\natural$, with the trace formulae obtained in a different way by S.Norton, and the spectrum of idempotents related to 2A, 2B, 3A and 4A element of the Monster is determined by the representation theory of Virasoro algebra at $c=1/2$, $W_3$ algebra at $c=4/5$ or $W_4$ algebra at $c=1$. The generalization to the t…
Smooth cuboids in group theory
本文研究由光滑三次曲线对应的线性形式矩阵构造的群概形，通过伴随代数给出同构不变量，并刻画其与椭圆曲线同构的关系及自同构群，应用于有限p-群的同构判定。
An axial algebra $A$ is a commutative non-associative algebra generated by primitive idempotents, called axes, whose adjoint action on $A$ is semisimple and multiplication of eigenvectors is controlled by a certain fusion law. Different fusion laws define different classes of axial algebras. Axial algebras are inherently related to groups. Namely, when the fusion law is graded by an abelian group $T$, every axis $a$ leads to a subgroup of automorphisms $T_a$ of $A$. The group generated by all $T_a$ is called the Miyamoto group of the algebra. We describe a new algorithm for constructing axial …
We extend several results for the structure group of a real Jordan algebra $V$, to the setting of infinite dimensional JB-algebras. We prove that the structure group $Str(V)$, the cone preserving group $G(Ω)$ and the automorphism group $Aut(V)$ of the algebra $V$ are embedded Banach-Lie groups of $GL(V)$, and that each of the inclusions $Aut(V)\subset G(Ω)\subset Str(V)$ are of embedded Banach-Lie subgroups. We give a full description of the components of $Str(V)$ via cones, isotopes and central projections. We apply these results to $V=B(H)_{sa}$ the special JB-algebra of self-adjoint operato…
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