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arXiv 2004.06841astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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星系团中AGN爆发的能量耦合效率

On the Energy Coupling Efficiency of AGN Outbursts in Galaxy Clusters

Xiaodong Duan, Fulai Guo

摘要:

活动星系核(AGN)喷流被认为是解决团内介质(ICM)冷却流问题的重要途径,但其具体机制仍存在争议。在这里,我们提出了一个系统的研究能量耦合效率$η_{\rm cp}$,AGN喷流能量转移到ICM的分数。我们首先估计值的$η_{\rm cp}$分析在两个极端的情况下,这是进一步确认和扩展的参数研究的球形爆发在均匀介质中使用流体动力学模拟。我们发现,$η_{\rm cp}$增加从$\sim 0.4$的弱等压注入到$\gtrsim 0.8$的一个强大的点注入。对于任何给定的爆发能量,我们发现两个特征爆发功率,分开这两个极端的情况。然后,我们研究了在一个现实的ICM流体动力学模拟AGN喷流爆发的能量耦合效率,发现喷流爆发是本质上不同于球形爆发。对于强喷流和弱喷流爆发,$η_{\rm cp}$通常在$0.7-0.9$附近,部分原因是喷流爆发的非球形性质,它产生从热点发出的回流,显著增强喷出物-ICM相互作用。而对于强大的爆发的能量转移到ICM的射流的主要部分是由冲击耗散,冲击耗散只占$\lesssim 30\%$注入射流能量弱爆发。虽然强大的和弱的爆发都可以有效地加热冷却流,但强大的热能主导的射流在延迟中心冷却灾难的发生方面最有效。

英文摘要:

Active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets are believed to be important in solving the cooling flow problem in the intracluster medium (ICM), while the detailed mechanism is still in debate. Here we present a systematic study on the energy coupling efficiency $η_{\rm cp}$, the fraction of AGN jet energy transferred to the ICM. We first estimate the values of $η_{\rm cp}$ analytically in two extreme cases, which are further confirmed and extended with a parameter study of spherical outbursts in a uniform medium using hydrodynamic simulations. We find that $η_{\rm cp}$ increases from $\sim 0.4$ for a weak isobaric injection to $\gtrsim 0.8$ for a powerful point injection. For any given outburst energy, we find two characteristic outburst powers that separate these two extreme cases. We then investigate the energy coupling efficiency of AGN jet outbursts in a realistic ICM with hydrodynamic simulations, finding that jet outbursts are intrinsically different from spherical outbursts. For both powerful and weak jet outbursts, $η_{\rm cp}$ is typically around $0.7-0.9$, partly due to the non-spherical nature of jet outbursts, which produce backflows emanating from the hotspots, significantly enhancing the ejecta-ICM interaction. While for powerful outbursts a dominant fraction of the energy transferred from the jet to the ICM is dissipated by shocks, shock dissipation only accounts for $\lesssim 30\%$ of the injected jet energy for weak outbursts. While both powerful and weak outbursts could efficiently heat cooling flows, powerful thermal-energy-dominated jets are most effective in delaying the onset of the central cooling catastrophe.

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