Recent technological advances have fostered the development of complex industrial cyber-physical systems which demand real-time communication with delay guarantees. The consequences of delay requirement violation in such systems may become increasingly severe. In this paper, we propose a contract-based fault-resilient methodology which aims at managing the communication delays of real-time flows in industries. With this objective, we present a light-weight mechanism to estimate end-to-end delay in the network in which the clocks of the switches are not synchronized. The mechanism aims at providing high level of accuracy with lower communication overhead. We then propose a contract-based framework using software-defined networking where the components are associated with delay contracts and a resilience manager. The proposed resilience management framework contains: (1) contracts which state guarantees about components behaviors, (2) observers which are responsible to detect contract failure (fault), (3) monitors to detect events such as run-time changes in the delay requirements and link failure, (4) control logic to take suitable decisions based on the type of the fault, (5) resilience manager to decide response strategies containing the best course of action as per the control logic decision. Finally, we present a delay-aware path finding algorithm which is used to route/reroute the real-time flows to provide resiliency in the case of faults and, to adapt to the changes in the network state. Performance of the proposed framework is evaluated with the Ryu SDN controller and Mininet network emulator.
Many scientific high-throughput applications can benefit from the elastic nature of Cloud resources, especially when there is a need to reduce time to completion. Cost considerations are usually a major issue in such endeavors, with networking often a major component; for data-intensive applications, egress networking costs can exceed the compute costs. Dedicated network links provide a way to lower the networking costs, but they do add complexity. In this paper we provide a description of a 100 fp32 PFLOPS Cloud burst in support of IceCube production compute, that used Internet2 Cloud Connect…
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new networking architecture which aims to provide better decoupling between network control (control plane) and data forwarding functionalities (data plane). This separation introduces several benefits, such as a directly programmable and (virtually) centralized network control. However, researchers showed that the required communication channel between the control and data plane of SDN creates a potential bottleneck in the system, introducing new vulnerabilities. Indeed, this behavior could be exploited to mount powerful attacks, such as the control plan…
Industrial production plants traditionally include sensors for monitoring or documenting processes, and actuators for enabling corrective actions in cases of misconfigurations, failures, or dangerous events. With the advent of the IoT, embedded controllers link these `things' to local networks that often are of low power wireless kind, and are interconnected via gateways to some cloud from the global Internet. Inter-networked sensors and actuators in the industrial IoT form a critical subsystem while frequently operating under harsh conditions. It is currently under debate how to approach inte…
The digitalization of manufacturing processes is expected to lead to a growing interconnection of production sites, as well as machines, tools and work pieces. In the course of this development, new use-cases arise which have challenging requirements from a communication technology point of view. In this paper we propose a communication network architecture for Industry 4.0 applications, which combines new 5G and non-cellular wireless network technologies with existing (wired) fieldbus technologies on the shop floor. This architecture includes the possibility to use private and public mobile n…
We argue that Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) will become the de facto standard for real-time communications in robotics. We present a review and classification of the different communication standards which are relevant for the field and introduce the typical problems with traditional switched Ethernet networks. We discuss some of the TSN features relevant for deterministic communications and evaluate experimentally one of the shaping mechanisms in an exemplary robotic scenario. In particular, and based on our results, we claim that many of the existing real-time industrial solutions will slo…
The use of Ethernet switched networks usually involves best effort service. A recent effort by the IEEE 802.1/3 TSN group has sought to standardize the Ethernet data-link protocol such that it operates on a deterministic service in addition to the best effort service targeting Operational Technology applications, e.g., industrial control systems. This paper investigates the Cyclic Queueing and Forwarding (CQF) and Paternoster scheduling protocols in a typical industrial control loop with varying propagation delays emulating large scale networks. Our main findings for CQF and Paternoster are th…
Efficient Asynchronous Federated Evaluation with Strategy Similarity Awareness for Intent-Based Networking in Industrial Internet of Things
Guangxi University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Scenario System (School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology)（广西智能网络与场景系统重点实验室（信息与通信学院，桂林电子科技大学））；National Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Transportation Big Data Application Technology (Guangxi)（综合交通运输大数据应用技术国家工程实验室（广西））；School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology（自动化学院，广东工业大学）；School of Architecture and Transportation Engineering, GUET（建筑与交通工程学院，桂林电子科技大学）
Cloud architecture has become a valuable solution for different applications, such as big data analytics, due to its high-degree of availability, scalability and strategic value. However, there still remain challenges in managing cloud architecture, in areas such as cloud security. In this paper, we exploit software-defined networking (SDN) and blockchain technologies to secure cloud management platforms from a networking perspective. We develop a blockchain-powered SDN-enabled networking infrastructure in which the integration between blockchain-based security and autonomy management layer an…
The short-term adoption of opportunistic networks (OppNet) depends on improving the current performance of this type of network. Software-Defined Networks (SDN) architecture is used by Internet applications with high resource demand. SDN technology improves network performance by programmatically managing the network configuration by using a control layer. In this paper, we propose that OppNet nodes use a control layer to get an overview of the whole network and use this knowledge to apply policies to get a better performance of the network. As a use case for our experimentation, we have focus…
This paper proposes and demonstrates a PHY-layer design of a real-time prototype that supports Ultra-Reliable Communication (URC) in wireless infrastructure networks. The design makes use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) as a means to achieve URC. Compared with Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), OFDMA concentrates the transmit power to a narrower bandwidth, resulting in higher effective SNR. Compared with Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA), OFDMA has higher spectrum efficiency thanks to the smaller subcarrier spacing. Although OFDMA has been introduced in 802.…
Wireless sensor networks have been a driving force of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) advancement in the process control and manufacturing industry. The emergence of IIoT opens great potential for the ubiquitous field device connectivity and manageability with an integrated and standardized architecture from low-level device operations to high-level data-centric application interactions. This technological development requires software definability in the key architectural elements of IIoT, including wireless field devices, IIoT gateways, network infrastructure, and IIoT sensor cloud …
Internet is the linchpin of modern society, which the various threads of modern life weave around. But being a part of the bigger energy-guzzling industrial economy, it is vulnerable to disruption. It is widely believed that our society is exhausting its vital resources to meet our energy requirements, and the cheap fossil fuel fiesta will soon abate as we cross the tipping point of global oil production. We will then enter the long arc of scarcity, constraints, and limits---a post-peak "long emergency" that may subsist for a long time. To avoid the collapse of the networking ecosystem in this…
The next generation of mobile networks is set to become increasingly complex, as these struggle to accommodate tremendous data traffic demands generated by ever-more connected devices that have diverse performance requirements in terms of throughput, latency, and reliability. This makes monitoring and managing the multitude of network elements intractable with existing tools and impractical for traditional machine learning algorithms that rely on hand-crafted feature engineering. In this context, embedding machine intelligence into mobile networks becomes necessary, as this enables systematic …
VirtuWind proposes the application of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) in critical infrastructure networks. We aim at introducing network programmability, reconfigurability and multi-tenant capability both inside isolated and inter-connected industrial networks. Henceforth, we present the design of the VirtuWind architecture that addresses the requirements of industrial communications: granular Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees, system modularity and secure and isolated per-tenant network access. We present the functional components of our architec…
Intent-based networking (IBN) provides a promising approach for managing networks and orchestrating services in beyond 5G (B5G) deployments using modern service-based architectures. Public safety (PS) services form the basis of keeping society functional, owing to the responsiveness and availability throughout the network. The provisioning of these services requires efficient and agile network management techniques with low-overhead and embedded intelligence. IBN incorporates the service subscribers in a model-driven approach to provision different user-centric services. However, it requires d…
Network of Information (NetInf) is a term coined for networks which unlike contemporary network are not node centric. As the name indicates, information supersedes nodes in the network. In this report, we propose an architecture of mobile node for NetInf. We call it NetInf Mobile Node. It is an extension of the basic node architecture proposed for NetInf. It is compatible to NetInf and TCP/IP based networks. The Virtual Node Layer modules in the architecture provide support for managing mobility, power consumption of the node as well data relaying/storing services. In- ner/Outer Locator Constr…
Programmable management framework have paved the way for managing devices in the network. Lately, emerging paradigm of Software Defined Networking (SDN) have revolutionized programmable networks. Designers of networking applications i.e. Internet of things (IoT) have started investigating potentials of SDN paradigm in improving network management. IoT envision interconnecting various embedded devices surrounding our environment with IP to enable internet connectivity. Unlike traditional network architectures, IoT are characterized by constraint in resources and heterogeneous inter connectivity…
Connectivity has a major role in the current transformation of smart manufacturing. 5G is foreseen as an integral part of an end-to-end networking infrastructure supporting smart manufacturing operation. The integration of 5G with time-sensitive networking (TSN)is seen as a holistic communication solution for smart factories. The next generation of industrialization consists of real-time processes, automation, fixed and cellular networks, and high diversity of devices. The integration of fixed and cellular devices in a single infrastructure to enable end-to-end deterministic communications req…
Ethernet has become the next standard for automotive and industrial automation networks. Standard extensions such as IEEE 802.1Q Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) have been proven to meet the real-time and robustness requirements of these environments. Augmenting the TSN switching by Software-Defined Networking functions promises additional benefits: A programming option for TSN devices can add much value to the resilience, security, and adaptivity of the environment. Network simulation allows to model highly complex networks before assembly and is an essential process for the design and validat…
With the advent of software-defined networking, network configuration through programmable interfaces becomes practical, leading to various on-demand opportunities for network routing update in multi-tenant datacenters, where tenants have diverse requirements on network routings such as short latency, low path inflation, large bandwidth, high reliability, etc. Conventional solutions that rely on topology search coupled with an objective function https:// www.overleaf.com/project/5beb742041ab9c0e3caec84f to find desired routings have at least two shortcomings: (i) they run into scalability issu…
Quantum networks must classically exchange complex metadata between devices in order to carry out information for protocols such as teleportation, super-dense coding, and quantum key distribution. Demonstrating the integration of these new communication methods with existing network protocols, channels, and data forwarding mechanisms remains an open challenge. Software-defined networking (SDN) offers robust and flexible strategies for managing diverse network devices and uses. We adapt the principles of SDN to the deployment of quantum networks, which are composed from unique devices that oper…
Mobility has become a basic premise of network communications, thereby requiring a native integration into 5G networks. Despite the numerous efforts to propose and to standardize effective mobility management models for IP, the result is a complex, poorly flexible set of mechanisms. The natural support for mobility offered by ICN (Information Centric Networking), makes it a good candidate to define a radically new solution relieving limitations of traditional approaches. If consumer mobility is supported in ICN by design, in virtue of its connectionless pull-based communication model, producer…
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of low powered and resource-constrained wireless sensor nodes that are not capable of performing high-complexity algorithms. Integrating these networks into the Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates their real-time optimization based on remote data visualization and analysis. This work describes the design and implementation of a scalable system architecture that integrates WSNs and cloud services to work autonomously in an IoT environment. The implementation relies on Software Defined Networking features to simplify the WSN management and exploits d…
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a major role in the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) market as they allow the deployment of low cost and low power networks possibly in large areas. The introduction of the 6LoWPAN standard allowed WSN to move into the IPv6 era, with a seamless integration of sensors into external networks. The recent application of IoT in industrial systems is now introducing new traffic patterns - machine to machine (M2M) above the others - and communication challenges that can modify the classical multipoint-to-point pattern of WSN, having the sink as the root o…
Delta-NTU Corporate Lab for CPS（Delta-NTU企业合作CPS实验室）
Industrial cyber-physical systems (CPS) have gained enormous attention of manufacturers in recent years due to their automation and cost reduction capabilities in the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Such an industrial network of connected cyber and physical components may consist of highly expensive components such as robots. In order to provide efficient communication in such a network, it is imperative to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS). Software Defined Networking (SDN) has become a key technology in realizing QoS concepts in a dynamic fashion by allowing a centralized con…
Future practical implementation of secure quantum communication technology in a multiuser network environment would require automatic monitoring of the optical link condition and quantum system parameters, along with adjusting them in real time according to protocol restrictions. We demonstrate how software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm can be used for addressing this problem on the example of a subcarrier wave quantum communication system, which is promising for network applications. We propose a novel approach to dynamic quantum network routing and communication security based on SDN Ope…
Trends like Industry 4.0 will pose new challenges for future industrial networks. Greater interconnectedness, higher data volumes as well as new requirements for speeds as well as security will make new approaches necessary. Performanceoptimized networking techniques will be demanded to implement new use cases, like network separation and isolation, in a secure fashion. A new and highly efficient protocol, that will be vital for that purpose, is MACsec. It is a Layer 2 encryption protocol that was previously extended specifically for industrial environments. Yet, it lacks the ability to bridge…
This paper reports on experience with using semantically-enabled network resource models to construct an operational multi-domain networked infrastructure-as-a-service (NIaaS) testbed called ExoGENI, recently funded through NSF's GENI project. A defining property of NIaaS is the deep integration of network provisioning functions alongside the more common storage and computation provisioning functions. Resource provider topologies and user requests can be described using network resource models with common base classes for fundamental cyber-resources (links, nodes, interfaces) specialized via v…
Enhancing Resilience for IoE: A Perspective of Networking-Level Safeguard
Department of Electrical Engineering（电子工程系）；Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica（学术院信息科学研究所）；Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation（人工智能创新研究所）；Department of Information Management（信息管理系）
As new networking paradigms emerge for different networking applications, e.g., cyber-physical systems, and different services are handled under a converged data link technology, e.g., Ethernet, certain applications with mission critical traffic cannot coexist on the same physical networking infrastructure using traditional Ethernet packet-switched networking protocols. The IEEE 802.1Q Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) task group is developing protocol standards to provide deterministic properties on Ethernet based packet-switched networks. In particular, the IEEE 802.1Qcc, centralized managemen…
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) extends IEEE 802.1 Ethernet for safety-critical and real-time applications in several areas, e.g., automotive, aerospace or industrial automation. However, many of these systems also have stringent security requirements, and security attacks may impair safety. Given a TSN-based distributed architecture, a set of applications with tasks and messages, as well as a set of security and redundancy requirements, we are interested to synthesize a system configuration such that the real-time, safety and security requirements are upheld. We use the Timed Efficient Stream…
Congestion Control (CC), as the core networking task to efficiently utilize network capacity, received great attention and widely used in various Internet communication applications such as 5G, Internet-of-Things, UAN, and more. Various CC algorithms have been proposed both on network and transport layers such as Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithm and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control mechanism. But it is hard to model dynamic AQM/TCP system and cooperate two algorithms to obtain excellent performance under different communication scenarios. In this paper, we explore …
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controllers are considered as Network Operating Systems (NOSs) and often viewed as a single point of failure. Detecting which SDN controller is managing a target network is a big step for an attacker to launch specific/effective attacks against it. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of fingerpirinting SDN controllers. We propose techniques allowing an attacker placed in the data plane, which is supposed to be physically separate from the control plane, to detect which controller is managing the network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the firs…
Industry 4.0 brings up new types of use cases, whereby mobile use cases play a significant role. These use cases have stringent requirements on both automation and communication systems that cannot be achieved with recent shop floor technologies. Therefore, novel technologies such as IEEE time-sensitive networking (TSN) and Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA) are being introduced. In addition, for the realization of mobile use cases, wireline technologies cannot be used and have to be replaced by wireless connections, which have to meet the high demands of the industrial…
Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) are the result of convergence of computation, networking, and control of physical process. In this paper, we consider an industrial CPS consisting of several control plants and Rate Constrained (RC) users that communicate via a single cell OFDMA network. The problem of jointly determining the sampling instant of each control plant and allocating power and sub-carrier, in the CPS, is formulated. The problem is a multi objective optimization with aims of determining the next maximum allowable sampling instant of each control plant and minimizing the power consumptio…
Beyond Per-Request QoS: Coordinating Industrial Workflows with B5G/6G Network Capabilities
Ruhr University Bochum（波鸿鲁尔大学）；Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS)（弗劳恩霍夫开放通信系统研究所）；Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学杭州国际创新学院）
The 5G Phase-2 and beyond wireless systems will focus more on vertical applications such as autonomous driving and industrial Internet-of-things, many of which are categorized as ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (uRLLC). In this article, an alternative view on uRLLC is presented, that information latency, which measures the distortion of information resulted from time lag of its acquisition process, is more relevant than conventional communication latency of uRLLC in wireless networked control systems. An AI-assisted Situationally-aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement learning framework for…
Configured Grant Scheduling for the Support of TSN Traffic in 5G and Beyond Industrial Networks
UWICORE Laboratory, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH)（埃尔切米格尔·埃尔南德斯大学）；HW and Communication Systems Area, Ikerlan Technology Research Centre（伊克兰兰技术中心）
5G has been defined to address new use cases beyond consumer-focused mobile broadband services. In particular industrial use cases, for example in smart manufacturing, have been addressed in the 5G standardization, so that 5G can support industrial IoT services and wireless industrial networking. To this end, 5G needs to integrate with the industrial network based on Ethernet and TSN. 5G can create new opportunities for smart manufacturing by enabling flexibility and increasing the automation in the production. This paper provides an overview of the use cases and requirements for smart manufac…
In this era of modern devices and high speed communication the issue of spectral overloading is increasing with time and becoming more serious. With the advancement in LED industry, light fidelity (Li-Fi) based indoor network is an attractive substitute for the existing radio frequency (RF) based communication networks. Because of its capability to perform dual function of lighting as well as high speed communication, Li-Fi is attracting both industrial as well as academic researchers. The Li-Fi networking paradigm offers performance enhancements which can make it an attractive backup option t…
The holy grail of networking is to create \textit{cognitive networks} that organize, manage, and drive themselves. Such a vision now seems attainable thanks in large part to the progress in the field of machine learning (ML), which has now already disrupted a number of industries and revolutionized practically all fields of research. But are the ML models foolproof and robust to security attacks to be in charge of managing the network? Unfortunately, many modern ML models are easily misled by simple and easily-crafted adversarial perturbations, which does not bode well for the future of ML-bas…
Many network applications, e.g., industrial control, demand Ultra-Low Latency (ULL). However, traditional packet networks can only reduce the end-to-end latencies to the order of tens of milliseconds. The IEEE 802.1 Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard and related research studies have sought to provide link layer support for ULL networking, while the emerging IETF Deterministic Networking (DetNet) standards seek to provide the complementary network layer ULL support. This article provides an up-to-date comprehensive survey of the IEEE TSN and IETF DetNet standards and the related research…
