Cosmology with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope -- Synergies with the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Tim Eifler, Melanie Simet, Elisabeth Krause, Christopher Hirata, Hung-Jin Huang, Xiao Fang, Vivian Miranda, Rachel Mandelbaum, Cyrille Doux, Chen Heinrich, Eric… 展开作者
Tim Eifler, Melanie Simet, Elisabeth Krause, Christopher Hirata, Hung-Jin Huang, Xiao Fang, Vivian Miranda, Rachel Mandelbaum, Cyrille Doux, Chen Heinrich, Eric Huff, Hironao Miyatake, Shoubaneh Hemmati, Jiachuan Xu, Paul Rogozenski, Peter Capak, Ami Choi, Olivier Dore, Bhuvnesh Jain, Mike Jarvis, Niall MacCrann, Dan Masters, Eduardo Rozo, David N. Spergel, Michael Troxel, Anja von der Linden, Yun Wang, David H. Weinberg, Lukas Wenzl, Hao-Yi Wu
We explore synergies between the space-based Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) and the ground-based Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). In particular, we consider a scenario where the currently envisioned survey strategy for WFIRST's High Latitude Survey (HLS), i.e., 2000 square degrees in four narrow photometric bands is altered in favor of a strategy that combines rapid coverage of the LSST area (to full LSST depth) in one band. We find that a 5-month WFIRST survey in the W-band can cover the full LSST survey area providing high-resolution imaging for >95% of the LSST Year 10 gold galaxy sample. We explore a second, more ambitious scenario where WFIRST spends 1.5 years covering the LSST area. For this second scenario we quantify the constraining power on dark energy equation of state parameters from a joint weak lensing and galaxy clustering analysis, and compare it to an LSST-only survey and to the Reference WFIRST HLS survey. Our survey simulations are based on the WFIRST exposure time calculator and redshift distributions from the CANDELS catalog. Our statistical uncertainties account for higher-order correlations of the density field, and we include a wide range of systematic effects, such as uncertainties in shape and redshift measurements, and modeling uncertainties of astrophysical systematics, such as galaxy bias, intrinsic galaxy alignment, and baryonic physics. Assuming the 5-month WFIRST wide scenario, we find a significant increase in constraining power for the joint LSST+WFIRST wide survey compared to LSST Y10 (FoM(Wwide)= 2.4 FoM(LSST)) and compared to LSST+WFIRST HLS (FoM(Wwide)= 5.5 FoM(HLS)).
We review the needs of the supernova community for improvements in survey coordination and data sharing that would significantly boost the constraints on dark energy using samples of Type Ia supernovae from the Vera C. Rubin Observatories, the \textit{Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope}, and the \textit{Euclid} Mission. We discuss improvements to both statistical and systematic precision that the combination of observations from these experiments will enable. For example, coordination will result in improved photometric calibration, redshift measurements, as well as supernova distances. We also…
The presence of fringing in astronomical CCD images will impact photometric quality and measurements. Yet its impact on the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) has not been fully studied. We present a detailed study on fringing for Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) already implemented on the Rubin Observatory LSST Camera's focal plane. After making physical measurements and knowing the compositions, we have developed a model for the e2v CCDs. We present a method to fit for the internal height variation of the epoxy layer within the sensors based on fringing measureme…
One major goal of upcoming large-scale-structure surveys is to constrain dark energy and modified gravity theories. In particular, galaxy clustering and gravitational lensing convergence are probes sensitive to modifications of general relativity. While the standard analysis for these surveys typically includes power spectra or 2-point correlation functions, it is known that the bispectrum contains more information, and could offer improved constraints on parameters when combined with the power spectra. However, the use of bispectra has been limited so far to one single probe, e.g. the lensing…
Impact of survey spatial variability on galaxy redshift distributions and the cosmological $3\times2$-point statistics for the Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST)
Many scientific investigations of photometric galaxy surveys require redshift estimates, whose uncertainty properties are best encapsulated by photometric redshift (photo-z) posterior probability density functions (PDFs). A plethora of photo-z PDF estimation methodologies abound, producing discrepant results with no consensus on a preferred approach. We present the results of a comprehensive experiment comparing twelve photo-z algorithms applied to mock data produced for The Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC). By supplying perfect …
Upcoming surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will detect up to 10 million time-varying sources in the sky every night for ten years. This information will be transmitted in a continuous stream to brokers that will select the most promising events for a variety of science cases using machine learning algorithms. We study the benefits and challenges of Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) for this type of classification tasks. BNNs are found to be accurate classifiers which also provide additional information: they quantify the classification uncertain…
Fast Radio Bursts in the Era of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University（国际无线电天文研究中心，科廷大学）；Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)（南里奥格兰德联邦大学物理研究所）；Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO Space & Astronomy（澳大利亚望远镜国家设施，CSIRO空间与天文学部）；Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney（悉尼大学物理学院悉尼天体物理研究所）；Department of Physics, University of Washington（华盛顿大学物理系）；Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology（斯威本科技大学天体物理学与超级计算中心）；Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙起源研究核心理论中心（ Kavli IPMU））；School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University（麦考瑞大学数理科学学院）；Department of Physics, University of Oxford（牛津大学物理系）
IRMaGiC: Extending Luminous Red Galaxy Selection into the Infrared with Joint Rubin Observatory's Large Survey of Space Time and Roman's High Latitude Imaging Survey
Duke University（杜克大学）；SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（斯坦福直线加速器中心）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
In the near future, the overlap of the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and the Simons Observatory (SO) will present an ideal opportunity for joint cosmological dataset analyses. In this paper we simulate the joint likelihood analysis of these two experiments using six two-point functions derived from galaxy position, galaxy shear, and CMB lensing convergence fields. Our analysis focuses on realistic noise and systematics models and we find that the dark energy Figure-of-Merit (FoM) increases by 53% (92%) from LSST-only to LSST+SO in Year 1 (Year 6). We also investigate…
Some million Type Ia supernovae (SN) will be discovered and monitored during upcoming wide area time domain surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). For cosmological use, accurate redshifts are needed among other characteristics; however the vast majority of the SN will not have spectroscopic redshifts, even for their host galaxies, only photometric redshifts. We assess the redshift systematic control necessary for robust cosmology. Based on the photometric vs true redshift relation generated by machine learning applied to a simulation of 500,000 ga…
In this work we present updated forecasts on parameterised modifications of gravity that can capture deviations of the behaviour of cosmological density perturbations beyond $Λ$CDM. For these forecasts we adopt the SKA Observatory (SKAO) as a benchmark for future cosmological surveys at radio frequencies, combining a continuum survey for weak lensing and angular galaxy clustering with an HI galaxy survey for spectroscopic galaxy clustering that can detect baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift space distortions. Moreover, we also add 21cm HI intensity mapping, which provides invaluable info…
Exploring future synergies for large-scale structure between gravitational waves and radio sources
Queen Mary University of London（伦敦大学皇家玛丽学院）；Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto CAUP（波尔图大学CAUP天体物理学与空间科学研究所）；University of the Western Cape（西开普敦大学）；Universidade do Porto（波尔图大学）；Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth（朴茨茅斯大学宇宙学与引力研究所）
Strong lensing by galaxy clusters can be used to significantly expand the survey reach, thus allowing observation of magnified high-redshift supernovae that otherwise would remain undetected. Strong lensing can also provide multiple images of the galaxies that lie behind the clusters. Detection of strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is especially useful because of their standardizable brightness, as they can be used to improve either cluster lensing models or independent measurements of cosmological parameters. The cosmological parameter, the Hubble constant, is of particular interest …
Accurate modeling for 3$\times$2pt analyses in Roman and Rubin: a study of model approximations
University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Northeastern University（东北大学）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学）
Establishing that Vera C. Rubin Observatory is a flagship dark matter experiment is an essential pathway toward understanding the physical nature of dark matter. In the past two decades, wide-field astronomical surveys and terrestrial laboratories have jointly created a phase transition in the ecosystem of dark matter models and probes. Going forward, any robust understanding of dark matter requires astronomical observations, which still provide the only empirical evidence for dark matter to date. We have a unique opportunity right now to create a dark matter experiment with Rubin Observatory …
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will begin the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in 2024, spanning an area of 18,000 square degrees in six bands, with more than 800 observations of each field over ten years. The unprecedented data set will enable great advances in the study of the formation and evolution of structure and exploration of physics of the dark universe. The observations will hold clues about the cause for the accelerated expansion of the universe and possibly the nature of dark matter. During the next decade, LSST will be able to confirm or dispute if tensions seen today in cosm…
We seek to clarify the origin of constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter from CMB lensing tomography, that is the combination of galaxy clustering and the cross-correlation of galaxies with CMB lensing in a number of redshift bins. In particular, we consider the two-point correlation functions which can be formed with a catalog of galaxy locations and photometric redshifts from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and CMB lensing maps from the CMB-S4 experiment. We focus on the analytic understanding of the origin of the constraints. Dark ener…
The commissioning team for the Vera C. Rubin observatory is planning a set of engineering and science verification observations with the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) commissioning camera and then the Rubin Observatory LSST Camera. The time frame for these observations is not yet fixed, and the commissioning team will have flexibility in selecting fields to observe. In this document, the Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) Commissioning Working Group presents a prioritized list of target fields appropriate for testing various aspects of DESC-relevant science performance, grouped …
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will increase the number of observed supernovae (SNe) by an order of magnitude; however, it is impossible to spectroscopically confirm the class for all the SNe discovered. Thus, photometric classification is crucial but its accuracy depends on the not-yet-finalized observing strategy of Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). We quantitatively analyze the impact of the LSST observing strategy on SNe classification using simulated multi-band light curves from the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC). Fir…
SPHEREx is a proposed NASA MIDEX mission selected for Phase A study. SPHEREx would carry out the first all-sky spectral survey in the near infrared. At the end of its two-year mission, SPHEREx would obtain 0.75-to-5$μ$m spectra of every 6.2 arcsec pixel on the sky, with spectral resolution R>35 and a 5-$σ$ sensitivity AB$>$19 per spectral/spatial resolution element. More details concerning SPHEREx are available at http://spherex.caltech.edu. The SPHEREx team has proposed three specific science investigations to be carried out with this unique data set: cosmic inflation, interstellar and circum…
We investigate the possibility that a statistical detection of the galaxy parallax shift due to the Earth's motion with respect to the CMB frame (cosmic secular parallax) could be made by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) or by the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (NGRST), and used to measure the Hubble constant. We make mock galaxy surveys which extend to redshift z=0.06 from a large N-body simulation, and include astrometric errors from the LSST and NGRST science requirements, redshift errors and peculiar velocities. We include spectroscopic redshifts for …
We present and validate 20 deg$^2$ of overlapping synthetic imaging surveys representing the full depth of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope High-Latitude Imaging Survey (HLIS) and five years of observations of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). The two synthetic surveys are summarized, with reference to the existing 300 deg$^2$ of LSST simulated imaging produced as part of Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) Data Challenge 2 (DC2). Both synthetic surveys observe the same simulated DESC DC2 universe. For the synthetic Roman survey, we simulate for th…
Automatically distinguishing Rubin transients from AGN using variability metrics
Queen’s University Belfast（贝尔法斯特女王大学）；University of Southampton（南安普顿大学）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）；University of Portsmouth（朴茨茅斯大学）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学）
In the coming years, a new generation of sky surveys, in particular, Euclid Space Telescope (2022), and the Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST, 2023) will discover more than 200,000 new strong gravitational lenses, which represents an increase of more than two orders of magnitude compared to currently known sample sizes. Accurate and fast analysis of such large volumes of data under a statistical framework is therefore crucial for all sciences enabled by strong lensing. Here, we report on the application of simulation-based inference methods, in particular, density estim…
Upcoming deep imaging surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time will be confronted with challenges that come with increased depth. One of the leading systematic errors in deep surveys is the blending of objects due to higher surface density in the more crowded images; a considerable fraction of the galaxies which we hope to use for cosmology analyses will overlap each other on the observed sky. In order to investigate these challenges, we emulate blending in a mock catalogue consisting of galaxies at a depth equivalent to 1.3 yr of the full 10-yr Rubin Obser…
Calibration-Induced Systematics in SALT3 Training and Their Impact on Dark Energy Constraints from Stage IV Supernova Surveys
Duke University（杜克大学）；University of Hawai’i（夏威夷大学）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（SLAC国家加速器实验室）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Baylor University（贝勒大学）；Boston University（波士顿大学）
Testing a subset of viable cosmological models beyond General Relativity (GR), with implications for cosmic acceleration and the Dark Energy associated with it, is within the reach of Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and a part of its endeavor. Deviations from GR-w(z)CDM models can manifest in the growth rate of structure and lensing, as well as in screening effects on non-linear scales. We explore the constraining power of small-scale deviations predicted by the f(R) Hu-Sawicki Modified Gravity (MG) candidate, by emulating this model with COLA (COmoving Lagrangian Acce…
Detectability of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae in the Rubin LSST
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（天文与天体物理大学间中心）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)（宇宙物理与数学卡弗里研究所）
Redshift Assessment Infrastructure Layers (RAIL): Rubin-era photometric redshift stress-testing and at-scale production
Ruhr University Bochum（鲁尔大学波鸿）；SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（斯坦福直线加速器中心）；Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), Stanford University（卡弗里粒子天体物理与宇宙学研究所，斯坦福大学）；Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LPCA（克莱蒙奥弗涅大学，法国国家科学研究中心，LPCA）；McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University（梅斯威尔宇宙学与天体物理中心，卡内基梅隆大学物理系）
RAIL 是一个开源 Python 库，用于大规模概率光度红移估计，提供模块化工具进行端到端压力测试和红移 PDF 估算，适用于多种科学目标。
Constraining Galaxy Cluster Triaxiality via Weak Lensing --- I. Preparation for the Rubin Data Beyond Leading Order
NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory / SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（NSF-DOE薇拉·C·鲁宾天文台/SLAC国家加速器实验室）；Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University（斯坦福大学卡弗里粒子天体物理学与宇宙学研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University（纽约州立大学石溪分校物理与天文学系）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit at（路德维希-马克西米利安大学物理学院）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory（美国国家光学红外天文研究实验室）；Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica（意大利国家天体物理研究所）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学/CNRS/LPSC-IN2P3）；Department of Physics, Brown University（布朗大学物理系）
The accurate estimation of photometric redshifts is crucial to many upcoming galaxy surveys, for example the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Almost all Rubin extragalactic and cosmological science requires accurate and precise calculation of photometric redshifts; many diverse approaches to this problem are currently in the process of being developed, validated, and tested. In this work, we use the photometric redshift code GPz to examine two realistically complex training set imperfections scenarios for machine learning based photometric redshift calculation:…
Hyrax: An Extensible Framework for Rapid ML Experimentation and Unsupervised Discovery in the Era of Rubin, Roman, and Euclid
Dept. of Astronomy \& the DiRAC Institute, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA；School of Physics；Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA；Department of Astronomy；Planetary Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA；McWilliams Center for Cosmology；Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
We describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observati…
We discuss the central role played by the X-ray study of hot baryons within galaxy clusters to reconstruct the assembly of cosmic structures and to trace the past history of star formation and accretion onto supermassive Black Holes (BHs). We shortly review the progress in this field contributed by the current generation of X-ray telescopes. Then, we focus on the outstanding scientific questions that have been opened by observations carried out in the last years and that represent the legacy of Chandra and XMM: (a) When and how is entropy injected into the inter-galactic medium (IGM)? (b) What…
We discuss the central role played by the X-ray study of hot baryons within galaxy clusters to reconstruct the assembly of cosmic structures and to trace the past history of star formation and accretion onto supermassive Black Holes (BHs). We shortly review the progress in this field contributed by the current generation of X-ray telescopes. Then, we focus on the outstanding scientific questions that have been opened by observations carried out in the last years and that represent the legacy of Chandra and XMM: (a) When and how is entropy injected into the inter-galactic medium (IGM)? (b) What…
