非相对论和相对论情况下的负能量粒子
Particles with negative energies in nonrelativistic and relativistic cases
摘要：
考虑了非相对论和相对论情况下负能量粒子的态。在非相对论情况下，当其中一个碎片的能量大于初始体的能量时，靠近吸引中心的衰变会导致类似旋转黑洞的Penrose效应.这在火箭运动理论中被称为奥伯特效应。指出了彭罗斯效应在非相对论情况下在吸引体附近碰撞和星团恒星蒸发中的实现。在相对论情形下，由于负能量的存在，在Minkowski时空的旋转坐标系中，在静态极限之外，旋转黑洞的能层中出现了与Penrose过程类似的情形.在相对论的情况下，与非相对论的情况不同，碎片的质量可以大于衰变体的质量。在相对论情况下，当时空度量张量中的非对角项采用坐标系时，在膨胀空间的宇宙学中粒子的负能量是可能的。弗里德曼度量的三种情况下：开放，关闭和拟欧几里德，进行了分析。德西特时空是简短的讨论。
英文摘要：
States of particles with negative energies are considered for the nonrelativistic and relativistic cases. In nonrelativistic case it is shown that the decays close to the attracting center can lead to the situation similar to the Penrose effect for rotating black hole when the energy of one of the fragments is larger than the energy of the initial body. This is known as the Oberth effect in the theory of the rocket movement. The realizations of the Penrose effect in the non-relativistic case in collisions near the attracting body and in the evaporation of stars from star clusters are indicated. In relativistic case similar to the well known Penrose process in the ergosphere of the rotating black hole it is shown that the same situation as in ergosphere of the black hole occurs in rotating coordinate system in Minkowski space-time out of the static limit due to existence of negative energies. In relativistic cases differently from the nonrelativistic ones the mass of the fragment can be larger than the mass of the decaying body. Negative energies for particles are possible in relativistic case in cosmology of the expanding space when the coordinate system is used with nondiagonal term in metrical tensor of the space-time. Friedmann metrics for three cases: open, close and quasieuclidian, are analyzed. The De Sitter space-time is shortly discussed.
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