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arXiv 2004.03126q-bio.PE
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COVID-19的关键社区规模--一种基于模型的方法,用于提供封锁背后的理由

Critical community size for COVID-19 -- a model based approach to provide a rationale behind the lockdown

Sarmistha Das, Pramit Ghosh, Bandana Sen, Indranil Mukhopadhyay

摘要:

背景:限制性大规模隔离或封锁已被实施为对抗COVID-19的最重要控制措施。许多国家已经实施了2 - 4周的封锁,并根据其当前的疾病情况延长封锁期。最有可能的是,COVID-19的估计传播期为14天,这促使了这一决定。但是,巴特利特在1957年提出了这样一种观点,即如果易感人群下降到某个阈值以下,除非疾病从外部重新引入,否则在一段固定的时间后(在爆发后),感染将在小社区中自然消失。这个阈值被称为临界社区规模(CCS)。方法:我们提出了一个解释COVID-19疾病动力学的SEIR模型。使用我们的模型,我们计算了特定国家的预期灭绝时间(TTE)和CCS,这将基本上确定所需的理想封锁天数和隔离人口的规模。调查结果:根据给定的国家死亡率、康复率和其他参数,我们确定,如果一个地方的易感人群总数降至CCS以下,除非感染是从外部传入的,否则在TTE天数后感染将不复存在。但这种疾病几乎很快就会消失。我们计算了各国对理想封锁天数的估计。因此,较小的封锁阶段足以遏制COVID-19。值得注意的是,我们的模型显示,大约一年后,感染率又出现了上升,但幅度较小。

英文摘要:

Background: Restrictive mass quarantine or lockdown has been implemented as the most important controlling measure to fight against COVID-19. Many countries have enforced 2 - 4 weeks' lockdown and are extending the period depending on their current disease scenario. Most probably the 14-day period of estimated communicability of COVID-19 prompted such decision. But the idea that, if the susceptible population drops below certain threshold, the infection would naturally die out in small communities after a fixed time (following the outbreak), unless the disease is reintroduced from outside, was proposed by Bartlett in 1957. This threshold was termed as Critical Community Size (CCS). Methods: We propose an SEIR model that explains COVID-19 disease dynamics. Using our model, we have calculated country-specific expected time to extinction (TTE) and CCS that would essentially determine the ideal number of lockdown days required and size of quarantined population. Findings: With the given country-wise rates of death, recovery and other parameters, we have identified that, if at a place the total number of susceptible population drops below CCS, infection will cease to exist after a period of TTE days, unless it is introduced from outside. But the disease will almost die out much sooner. We have calculated the country-specific estimate of the ideal number of lockdown days. Thus, smaller lockdown phase is sufficient to contain COVID-19. On a cautionary note, our model indicates another rise in infection almost a year later but on a lesser magnitude.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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