In recent years, the $H$ formulation of Maxwell's equation has become the de facto standard for simulating the time-dependent electromagnetic behavior of superconducting applications with commercial software. However, there are cases where other formulations are desirable, for example for modeling superconducting turns in electrical machines or situations where the superconductor is better described by the critical state than by a power-law resistivity. In order to accurately and efficiently handle those situations, here we consider two published approaches based on the magnetic vector potential: the $T$-$A$ formulation of Maxwell's equations (with power-law resistivity) and Campbell's implementation of the critical state model. In this contribution, we extend the $T$-$A$ formulation to thick conductors so that large coils with different coupling scenarios between the turns can be considered. We also revise Campbell's model and discuss it in terms of its ability to calculate AC losses: in particular, we investigate the dependence of the calculated AC losses on the frequency of the AC excitation and the possibility of using quick one-step (instead of full cycle) simulations to calculate the AC losses.
Business models to assure availability of advanced superconductors for the accelerator sector and promote stewardship of superconducting magnet technology for the US economy
Superconducting Graphene: the conspiracy of doping and strain
石墨烯展现出了丰富的迷人特性,但也被认为不是超导体。值得注意的是,我们表明,石墨烯可以通过电荷掺杂和拉伸应变的综合作用成为传统的Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer超导体。掺杂的影响是明显的,使费米面增大,而应变的影响是深刻的,大大增加了电子-声子耦合。在实验可达到的掺杂(4 E +14 cm-2)和应变(~16%)水平下,超导临界温度Tc高达~30 K,是液氢温度以上单元素材料的最高温度。这显著地使石墨烯成为商业上可行的超导体。
Observation of unconventional band topology in a superconducting doped topological insulator, Cux-Bi2Se3: Topological Superconductor or non-Abelian superconductor?
最近发现掺铜的拓扑绝缘体Bi $_2$ Se $_3$在冷却时经历超导转变,这提高了它是第一个已知的“拓扑超导体”或实现新的非阿贝尔超导状态的可能性。它的真正性质取决于关键的体和表面状态带拓扑结构。我们提出了第一个光电子能谱的结果,通过检查在许多不同的铜掺杂值的能带拓扑,我们发现,拓扑保护的自旋螺旋表面状态保持良好的保护和分离的费米能级,其中铜配对发生在最佳掺杂的拓扑绝缘体的体狄拉克带。铜的加入导致非线性电子掺杂和强重整化的拓扑表面态。这些极不寻常的观测结果强烈地表明,在Cu $_x$ Bi $_2$ Se $_3$的拓扑表面上的超导性不能是任何常规类型的一般拓扑理论。首次报道了三维体狄拉克能带结构的超导掺杂态和拓扑不变性质,这将有助于为这种新型超导体制定一个具体的理论。
Unconventional quantum vortex matter state hosts quantum oscillations in the underdoped high-temperature cuprate superconductors
欠掺杂铜氧化物的一个中心问题是赝能隙基态的性质。一个传统的金属基态的赝能隙区已被认为主机的超导序参量的破坏后,由适度的磁场的量子振荡。在这里,我们使用低施加的测量电流和毫开尔文温度的超纯单晶欠掺杂的YBa $_2$铜$_3$ O $_{6+x}$发掘出一种非常规的量子涡旋物质基态的特点是消失的电阻率,磁滞,和非欧姆电输运特性超出了最高的实验室可访问的静态场。现在需要一个新的赝能隙基态模型来解释在最大超导能隙存在的情况下,体量子涡旋物质态所承载的量子振荡,而不会经历相当大的额外阻尼;可能性包括对密度波。
Unveiling the superconducting scenario in multiphase superconductor CeRh$_2$As$_2$ from space-group symmetry analysis and DFT calculations
Saint Petersburg State University(圣彼得堡国立大学);Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of RAS(俄罗斯科学院库尔纳科夫普通和无机化学研究所);Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of RAS(俄罗斯科学院强度物理与材料科学研究所);Donostia International Physics Center(多诺斯蒂亚国际物理中心)
Spin-Orbit induced phase-shift in Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ Josephson junctions
库珀对在两个弱耦合超导体之间的传输产生了超流电流和相位差,即著名的约瑟夫森效应。由于时间反演和宇称对称性,两个超导体之间没有相位差就没有约瑟夫森电流。反过来,当这两个对称性被打破时,在没有相位偏置的情况下可以存在异常超流,或者等价地,在没有超流的情况下可以存在异常相移$φ_0$。本文报道了在面内磁场作用下,由拓扑绝缘体Bi $_2$ Se $_3$制备的混合约瑟夫森结中的反常相移$φ_0$的观测结果.这种反常相移$φ_0$是通过测量约瑟夫森干涉仪中的电流-相位关系直接观察到的。这一结果提供了一个直接测量的自旋-轨道耦合强度和开放的相位控制约瑟夫森器件的材料与强自旋-轨道耦合的新的可能性。